Table 1.
Wild-type | Amino-SSMKLSFRARAYGFRGPGPQL-carboxyl |
Inverso | Amino-ssmklsfrarayGfrGpGpql-carboxyl |
Retro | Amino-LQPGPGRFGYARARFSLKMSS-carboxyl |
Retro-inverso | Amino-lqpGpGrfGyararfslkmss-carboxyl |
Human catestatin (CHGA352-372) was synthesized in 4 isomeric versions: wild-type, inverso (all D-amino acids), retro (reversing sequence from amino→carboxyl, to carboxyl→amino), and retro-inverso (R-I, reversing sequence, as well as inverting chirality to all D-amino acids). Upper-case = L-amino acid (one-letter code), Lower-case = D-amino acid (except Gly/G, which has no chirality).