Table 1.
Striatal [18F]-/[11C]-DOPA Studies Included in the Meta-Analysis
| Author | Year | Radiotracer | Illness Stage | Illness Duration (mo) | Schizophrenia | Controls | Treatment | DSC SCZ/C | ||||
| N | Females | Age | N | Females | Age | |||||||
| Reith et al11 | 1994 | [18F]-DOPA | C | 168 | 5 | 0 | 38 | 13 | 4 | 36 | 4DN,1DF | 1.20 (sig) |
| Dao-Castellana et al16 | 1997 | [18F]-DOPA | C | 72 | 6 | 0 | 26 | 7 | 0 | 25 | 2DN, 4DF | 1.05 (ns) |
| Hietala et al27 | 1999 | [18F]-DOPA | FEP | 49 | 10 | 6 | 30 | 13 | 5 | 30 | DN | 1.18 (sig) |
| Lindstrom et al13 | 1999 | [11C]-DOPA | FEP, C | 252 | 12 | 2 | 31 | 10 | 2 | ? | 10DN, 2DF | 1.16 (sig) |
| Elkashef et al17 | 2000 | [18F]-DOPA | C | 204 | 19 | 4 | 36 | 13 | 5 | 35 | 9DF, 10T | 1.00 (ns) |
| Meyer-Lindenberg et al15 | 2002 | [18F]-DOPA | C | ? | 5 | 1 | 35 | 6 | 1 | 34 | DF | 1.19 (sig) |
| McGowan et al12 | 2004 | [18F]-DOPA | C | 132 | 16 | 0 | 38 | 12 | 0 | 40 | T | 1.15 (sig) |
| Kumakura et al10 | 2007 | [18F]-DOPA | C | ? | 8 | 0 | 37 | 15 | 0 | 37 | 3DN,5DF | 1.40 (sig)a |
| Nozaki et al14 | 2009 | [11C]-DOPA | FEP, C | 26 | 18 | 8 | 36 | 20 | 10 | 36 | 14DN, 4DF | 1.14 (sig) |
| Howes et al7 | 2009 | [18F]-DOPA | C | ? | 7 | 3 | 36 | 12 | 4 | 24 | 3DN, 4DF | 1.11 (sig) |
| Shotbolt et al18 | 2011 | [18F]-DOPA | Cb | ? | 7 | 3 | 43 | 10 | 5 | 39 | T | 1.02 (ns) |
Note: C, chronic schizophrenia; FEP, first-episode schizophrenia; DN, drug naive; DF, drug free; T, treated with antipsychotics; DSC SCZ/C, striatal dopamine synthesis capacity ratio (schizophrenia/controls); sig, significant difference between patients and controls; ns, nonsignificant result.
a
A post hoc reanalysis employing a different kinetic model is provided as online supplementary materials.
b
Twin study.