Table 2.

Group Differences: Beliefs and Attitudes

	Deficit Syndrome, (n = 22)		Nondeficit, (n = 72)		Effect size, (d)
Variable	M adj/M	SE/SD	M adj/M	SE/SD	D vs NDa
Defeatist beliefsb	62.7	3.3	53.1	1.8	0.63**
Asocial beliefsb	7.2	0.7	5.4	0.4	0.58**
Low expectationsb d	5.5	0.9	4.3	0.5	0.30
Self-esteemb d	86.1	5.5	74.5	3.0	0.57*
Fear of negative evaluationc d	17.1	2.9	19.7	1.6	−0.45

Note: Defeatist beliefs = subscale, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale; Asocial beliefs = subscale, Revised Social Anhedonia Scale; Low expectations = sum of 3 future pleasure questions; Fear of negative evaluation = total score, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale II-Revised; Lack of clinical insight = item, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; Self-esteem = subscale, Beck Self-Esteem Scales-Short Form.

^aD = deficit; ND = nondeficit.

^bAdjusted means and SE, ANCOVA, controlling for depression.

^cMeans and SD.

^dMissing data: fear of negative evaluation—deficit (n = 8) and nondeficit (n = 11); Low expectations—nondeficit (n = 1); Self-esteem—deficit (n = 8) and nondeficit (n = 11).

*10 < P <.05, **P < .05.