Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Sample Characteristics
| Controls | Siblings | Patients | ||||||
| N = 579 | n | N = 1017 | n | N = 1032 | n | Test Statistic | P Value | |
| Variable | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
| Age (y) | 30.4 (10.6)a | 579 | 27.8 (8.2)b | 1017 | 27.3 (7.2)c | 1032 | F (2, 2624) = 26.84 | <.001 |
| Male (%) | 45a | 46a | 77b | χ 2(2) = 257.53 | <.001 | |||
| Education (%) | ||||||||
| None/primary only | 2.4 | 576 | 7.4 | 994 | 13 | 1008 | χ 2(16) = 246.54 | <.001 |
| Lower secondary | 14.8 | 19.7 | 30.7 | |||||
| Lower vocational | 15.6 | 22.4 | 17.4 | |||||
| Higher secondary | 31.7 | 20.5 | 25.5 | |||||
| Higher vocational | 25.5 | 18.5 | 9.1 | |||||
| University | 10 | 11.5 | 4.3 | |||||
| IQ | 109.7 (15.1)a | 579 | 102.7 (15.6)b | 1017 | 94.9 (16)c | 1032 | F (4, 2623) = 95.40 | <.001 |
| HT (range 0–20) | 19.1 (1.3)a | 573 | 18.8 (1.7)a | 1009 | 17.5 (2.8)b | 1008 | F (5, 2584) = 114.25 | <.001 |
| DFAR total | 73.2 (9.1)a | 542 | 72.5 (9.4)a | 943 | 68.6 (10.7)b | 934 | F (6, 2398) = 63.61 | <.001 |
| Neutral | 81.3 (15.1) | 80.4 (15) | 77.8 (17.5) | F (6, 2398) = 17.41 | <.001 | |||
| Happy | 87.4 (11.1) | 88.2 (10.7) | 86.8 (12.7) | F (6, 2398) = 14.17 | <.001 | |||
| Angry | 70.5 (18.6) | 68.8 (19.3) | 62.3 (20.9) | F (6, 2398) = 30.61 | <.001 | |||
| Fearful | 53.9 (18.1) | 52.7 (19.7) | 47.5 (19.7) | F (6, 2398) = 34.17 | <.001 | |||
| SIS-R | ||||||||
| Disorganized | .03 (.12)a | 571 | .05 (.19)b | 1006 | F (4, 1573) = 6.78 | <.001 | ||
| Negative | .45 (.43)a* | 571 | .5 (.47)b | 1006 | F (4, 1574) = 1.91 | .005 | ||
| Positive | .31 (.35)a | 571 | .38 (.42)b | 1006 | F (4, 1574) = 14.72 | <.001 | ||
| PANSS | ||||||||
| Disorganized | 16.7 (6.2) | 971 | ||||||
| Negative | 15 (6.6) | 970 | ||||||
| Positive | 13.9 (6.6) | 979 |
Note: Different superscripts indicate significant group differences with P < .05. Group differences on the specific emotion categories of the DFAR are displayed in table 3. *Indicates P < .06. DFAR, Degraded Facial Affect Recognition; HT, Hinting Task; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SIS-R, Structured Interview for Schizotypy—Revised.