Table 1.
Demographics of 191 immunosuppressed patients undergoing BAL for suspicion of Invasive fungal disease, classified according to the EORTC/NIAID
| Patient characteristics | All | Possible | Probable | Proven | No |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient number (%) |
191(100) |
42(22) |
8(4.2) |
3(1.6) |
138(72.3) |
| Age, yr |
50.5(19–80) |
44(22–80) |
49.5(24–60) |
42.67(29–70) |
52.4(19–79) |
| Male gender (%) |
116(60.7) |
28(66.7) |
4(50) |
3(100) |
81(58.7) |
| Symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fever (%) |
95(49.7) |
29(69) |
3(37) |
1(33.3) |
62(44.9) |
| Cough (%) |
97(50.8) |
22(52.4) |
4(50) |
1(33.3) |
70(50.7) |
| Dyspnea (%) |
75(39.3) |
15(35.7) |
4(50) |
0 |
56(40.6) |
| Sputum (%) |
40(20.9) |
10(23.8) |
0 |
0 |
30(21.7) |
| Chills (%) |
17(8.9) |
1(2.4) |
2(25) |
0 |
14(10.1) |
| Chest radiograph/CT scan |
|
|
|
|
|
| Infiltrates (%) |
105(55) |
24(57.1) |
6(75) |
2(66.7) |
73(52.9) |
| Suspicion of fungi lesion (%) |
53(27.7) |
17(40.5) |
4(50) |
3(100) |
29(21) |
| Stem cell transplantation |
|
|
|
|
|
| Allogen (%) |
48(25.1) |
11(26.2) |
4(100) |
3(100) |
30(21.7) |
| Autolog (%) |
12(6.3) |
6(14.3) |
0 |
0 |
6(4.3) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy |
|
|
|
|
|
| Steroids (%) |
67(35.1) |
13(31) |
2(25) |
0 |
52(37.7) |
| Ciclosporine (%) |
48(25.1) |
13(31) |
4(50) |
1(33.3) |
30(21.7) |
| Mycophenolate (%) |
28(14.7) |
4(9.5) |
0 |
0 |
24(17.4) |
| Azathioprine (%) |
9(4.7) |
2(4.8) |
1(12.5) |
0 |
6(5.3) |
| Sirolimus (%) |
10(5.2) |
2(4.8) |
1(12.5) |
0 |
7(5.1) |
| Tacrolimus (%) |
8(4.2) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8(5.8) |
| Antimicrobial therapy at bronchoscopy |
|
|
|
|
|
| Antibacterial (%) |
163(85.3) |
39(92.9) |
8(100) |
3(100) |
113(81.3) |
| Antiviral (%) |
66(34.6) |
13(31) |
3(37.5) |
2(66.7) |
48(34.8) |
| Antifungal (%) |
111(58.1) |
32(76.2) |
7(87.5) |
3(100) |
69(50) |
| Disease |
|
|
|
|
|
| Hematologic disorders (%) |
129(67.5) |
33(78.6) |
8(100) |
3(100) |
85(61.6) |
| Solid organ transplants (%) |
26(13.6) |
4(9.5) |
0 |
0 |
22(15.9) |
| AIDS (%) |
12(6.3) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12((8.7) |
| Autoimmune disorders (%) |
24(12.6) |
5(11.9) |
0 |
0 |
19(13.8) |
| Microbiology |
|
|
|
|
|
| Aspergillus culture BAL (%) |
8(4.2) |
2(4.8) |
2(25) |
1(33.3) |
3(2.2) |
| Bacteriology BAL (%) |
28(14.7) |
3(7.1) |
1(12.5) |
0 |
24(17.4) |
| Positive nPCR BAL (%) |
55(28.8) |
10(23.8) |
4(50) |
0 |
41(29.7) |
| Galactamannan in blood, ng/ml |
0.226(0.1-3) |
0.171(0.1-0.5) |
0.488(0.1-1.3) |
1.1(0.1-3) |
0.178(0.1-1.3) |
| CRP (mg/L) |
76.4(0–410) |
84.8(0.9-296) |
71.8(2.9-240) |
61.6(6.8-116) |
74(0–410) |
| Leukocytes (x103/L) |
7.8 |
4.8 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
9.2 |
| BAL cells (x106/L) |
313.8 |
183.6 |
159.4 |
678.3 |
351.6 |
| macrophages (in%) |
69.1 |
71.0 |
82.4 |
60.5 |
68 |
| lymphocytes (in%) |
15.7 |
15.3 |
11.8 |
4.0 |
16.2 |
| neutrophiles (in%) |
16.4 |
9.4 |
6.7 |
35.5 |
18.5 |
| eosinophiles (in%) | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1 |
Abbreviations: BAL = Bronchoalveolar lavage.