Table 2.
Comparison of Demographics and Smokeless Tobacco Use by Current Brand Flavor (n = 468)
| Variable | No flavor | Flavor | p Value | ||
| N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | ||
| Total | 193 | 275 | |||
| Age | 193 | 37.3 (7.7) | 275 | 32.5 (7.8) | <.0001 |
| Age first dip | 191 | 16.8 (5.4) | 273 | 16.3 (5.5) | .358 |
| Age daily/regular use | 191 | 19.5 (5.9) | 273 | 19.6 (5.7) | .941 |
| Current tins/week | 193 | 4.0 (2.4) | 275 | 3.9 (2.0) | .606 |
| Current dips/day | 193 | 9.9 (5.7) | 275 | 8.8 (5.3) | .035 |
| Years of regular use | 191 | 17.8 (7.3) | 273 | 13.0 (6.6) | <.0001 |
| Duration use/day (hrs) | 176 | 12.2 (7.5) | 252 | 11.8 (7.2) | .610 |
| Median # quit attempts | 191 | 4.0 | 273 | 4.0 | .582a |
| N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Cotinine (ng/ml) | 190 | 4,157 (3,510–4,922) | 273 | 3,838 (3,427–4,297) | .037 |
| Cotinine (ng/dip) | 190 | 475 (403–560) | 272 | 499 (447–557) | .745 |
| NNAL (pmol/ml) | 99 | 3.90 (3.36–4.52) | 147 | 3.20 (2.82–3.63) | .062 |
| NNAL (pmol/dip) | 99 | 0.42 (0.36–0.49) | 147 | 0.39 (0.34–0.45) | .921 |
Note. Mean and SD are presented for all demographic and smokeless tobacco use variables and geometric means and 95% CI are presented for all biomarkers. All p values are adjusted for differences across studies. NNAL = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol.
a
Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test, not adjusted for study difference.