Table 1.

Comparisons of Sexual Minority Versus Completely Heterosexual Youths in Cigarette Smoking Outcomes by Gender Among Participants in the Growing Up Today Study During Ages 12 Through 24 Years (1998–2005): Results of Repeated Measures Regression

		Mostly heterosexual	Bisexual	Gay/lesbian
Smoking outcomes	No. of obs
Males
Past-month smoking, RR (95% CI)	19,468	1.64 (1.43, 1.88)**	1.66 (1.22, 2.28)*	1.57 (1.28, 1.94)**
Frequency of smoking, OR (95% CI)	18,689	2.10 (1.75, 2.52)**	2.57 (1.63, 4.06)**	2.08 (1.49, 2.91)**
Number of cigarettes daily, β (95% CI)a	3,903	0.40 (−0.24, 1.03)	0.76 (−1.27, 2.79)	0.04 (−1.14, 1.22)
Nicotine dependence score, β (95% CI)a	3,894	0.34 (−0.04, 0.71)	0.83 (−0.68, 2.34)	0.03 (−0.68, 0.74)
Females
Past-month smoking, RR (95% CI)	30,281	1.96 (1.82, 2.12)**	2.62 (2.31, 2.97)**	2.12 (1.70, 2.64)**
Frequency of smoking, OR (95% CI)	29,290	2.67 (2.39, 2.97)**	5.23 (4.17, 6.58)**	3.99 (2.68, 5.95)**
Number of cigarettes daily, β (95% CI)a	7,036	0.96 (0.62, 1.31)**	2.03 (1.24, 2.83)**	2.04 (0.62, 3.45)**
Nicotine dependence score, β (95% CI)a	6,994	0.77 (0.52, 1.01)**	2.03 (1.47, 2.60)**	1.30 (0.26, 2.34)**

Note. ^aRestricted to past-year smokers.

RR = relative risk, β = parameter estimate. Repeated measures regression models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, region of residence, and presence of a household family member who smokes. Referent group is completely heterosexual.

*p < .01. **p < .0001.