Table 3. Incremental predictive value of liver function tests for the risk of type 2 diabetes.
| EPIC-NL case-cohort study | PREVEND cohort study | |||||||
| Prediction Models | C value (95% CI) | P value | IDI (P value) | NRI (%)(P value) | C value(95% CI) | P value | IDI,P value | NRI (%),P value |
| Total sample | ||||||||
| KORABasic | 0.823 (0.810–0.837) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 0.775 (0.753–0.793) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| KORABasic + LFTs | 0.847 (0.834–0.859) | <0.001 | 0.011<0.001 | 9.5, <0.001 | 0.794 (0.777–0.812) | <0.001 | 0.017, <0.001 | 8.6, <0.001 |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS | 0.894 0.883–0.905) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 0.849 (0.833–0.865) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + LFTs | 0.903 (0.892–0.913) | <0.001 | 0.016, <0.001 | 8.8, <0.001 | 0.857 (0.841–0.872) | 0.003 | 0.015, <0.001 | 3.6, 0.03 |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + HbA1c | 0.919 (0.908–0.929) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | – | – | – | – |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + HbA1c + LFTs | 0.922 (0.912–0.932) | 0.61 | 0.002, 0.18 | 1.2, 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Women | ||||||||
| KORABasic | 0.826 (0.810–0.841) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 0.822 (0.795–0.848) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| KORABasic + LFTs | 0.848 (0.833–0.862) | <0.001 | 0.011, <0.001 | 10.9, <0.001 | 0.834 (0.808–0.861) | 0.01 | 0.019, <0.001 | 6.3, 0.03 |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS | 0.898 (0.886–0.910) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 0.883 (0.859–0.907) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + LFTs | 0.912 (0.901–0.923) | <0.001 | 0.013, <0.001 | 8.1, <0.001 | 0.886 (0.862–0.910) | 0.29 | 0.013, 0.001 | 2.2, 0.28 |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + HbA1c | 0.933 (0.923–0.944) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | – | – | – | – |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + HbA1c + LFTs | 0.935 (0.925–0.946) | 0.53 | 0.003, 0.05 | 1.1, 0.40 | – | – | – | – |
| Men | ||||||||
| KORABasic | 0.818 (0.788–0.847) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 0.724 (0.697–0.750) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| KORABasic + LFTs | 0.844 (0.817–0.871) | <0.001 | 0.10, <0.001 | 18.3, <0.001 | 0.755 (0.729–0.781) | <0.001 | 0.021, <0.001 | 9.1, 0.003 |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS | 0.872 (0.847–0.897) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 0.809 (0.785–0.832) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + LFTs | 0.876 (0.851–0.901) | 0.54 | 0.013, <0.001 | 6.0, 0.01 | 0.822 (0.799–0.845) | 0.01 | 0.019, <0.001 | 5.4, 0.04 |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + HbA1c | 0.877 (0.854–0.905) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | – | – | – | – |
| KORABasic + Glucose + UAS + HbA1c + LFTs | 0.883 (0.860–0.911) | 0.06 | 0.009, 0.01 | 3.3, 0.04 | – | – | – | – |
KORABasic model included data on age, BMI (kg/m2), ex-smoker (yes = 1, no = 0), current smoking (yes = 1, no = 0), parental diabetes (yes = 1, no = 0), hypertension (yes = 1, no = 0).
EPIC-NL denotes European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer, PREVEND Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease, CI confidence interval, IDI integrated discrimination improvement, NRI, net reclassification improvement, LFTs, liver function tests (including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and albumin), KORA Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, UAS serum uric acid.