Table 2.

Association between air pollutant and cause-specific mortality in Cape Town, South Africa (entire year, 2001–2006).

		Respiratory Disease a		Cardiovascular Disease a		Cerebrovascular Disease a
Pollutant	Group	N b	% c (95% CI)	N b	% c (95% CI)	N b	% c (95% CI)
PM10	All	13,407	1.3 (−1.4, 4.0)	21,510	2.0 (−0.1, 4.2)	7,573	4.1 (0.4, 8.1) *
	Sex
	Women	6,030	0.9 (−3.0, 5.0)	11,145	2.3 (−1.7, 6.5)	4,212	2.6 (−4.4, 10.2)
	Men	7,377	1.5 (−2.0, 5.2)	10,364	2.0 (−0.6, 4.8)	3,359	4.7 (0.3, 9.4) *
	Age
	≤60 years	6,128	3.4 (−0.5, 7.5)	5,986	2.3 (−0.7, 5.3)	2,090	5.3 (0.2, 10.6) *
	>60 years	7,279	−0.5 (−4.0, 3.1)	15,524	1.9 (−1.4, 5.3)	5,483	2.7 (−2.9, 8.6)
	Distance
	≤10 km	6,964	3.2 (−0.5, 7.0)	12,894	4.3 (1.6, 7.2) *	4,569	3.6 (−1.2, 8.7)
	>10 km	6,443	−0.9 (−4.6, 3.0)	8,616	−1.4 (−4.6, 2.0)	3,004	4.9 (−1.1, 11.3)
NO2	All	13,398	2.0 (−1.6, 5.7)	21,488	3.4 (0.3, 6.6) *	7,565	8.0 (2.9, 13.4) *
	Sex
	Women	6,026	3.0 (−2.4, 8.7)	11,136	1.6 (−4.1, 7.7)	4,208	10.2 (0.5, 20.8) *
	Men	7,372	1.2 (−3.9, 6.6)	10,351	3.8 (0.4, 7.2) *	3,355	7.3 (1.3, 13.5) *
	Age
	≤60 years	6,123	4.1 (−1.2, 9.8)	5,981	4.8 (0.8, 8.9) *	2,089	9.4 (2.5, 16.6) *
	>60 years	7,275	0.2 (−4.5, 5.2)	15,507	1.5 (−2.9, 6.1)	5,476	6.3 (−1.2, 14.4)
	Distance
	≤10 km	6,959	0.8 (−4.0, 5.9)	12,880	7.7 (3.6, 11.9) *	4,564	6.2 (−0.2, 13.1)
	>10 km	6,439	3.6 (−2.1, 9.6)	8,608	−2.8 (−7.1, 1.7)	3,001	10.7 (2.6, 19.4) *
SO2	All	13,393	−0.5 (−3.6, 2.6)	21,492	2.6 (0.1, 5.2) *	7,564	4.2 (0.0, 8.6)
	Sex
	Women	6,025	−1.8 (−6.3, 2.9)	11,140	2.0 (−2.8, 6.9)	4,205	3.3 (−4.6, 12.0)
	Men	7,368	0.5 (−3.7, 4.9)	10,351	2.8 (−0.1, 5.9)	3,357	4.5 (−0.4, 9.7)
	Age
	≤60 years	6,120	0.0 (−4.5, 4.8)	5,979	1.0 (−2.5, 4.6)	2,089	6.5 (0.9, 12.6) *
	>60 years	7,273	−1.2 (−5.8, 3.7)	15,513	4.3 (0.6, 8.2) *	5,475	1.3 (−4.9, 7.8)
	Distance
	≤10 km	6,956	−0.9 (−5.2, 3.5)	12,884	5.3 (2.0, 8.8) *	4,565	4.2 (−1.2, 9.9)
	>10 km	6,437	−0.2 (−4.6, 4.5)	8,608	−1.4 (−5.3, 2.6)	2,999	4.2 (−2.3, 11.2)

^a Adjusted for public holidays, 2-day cumulative averages of 24-h apparent temperature, wind speed and rainfall.

^b Number of deaths included in the models, which is less than 13,439 RD; 21,569 CVD and 7,594 CBD deaths due to missing exposure data.

^c Percentage increase in risk per interquartile increase in the 2-day cumulative average: 12 µg/m³ PM₁₀, 12 µg/m³ NO₂, 8 µg/m³ SO₂.

* p < 0.05