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Effects of capsaicin administration on the tongue force in XII-intact (A), XIIMED-section (B), and XIILAT-section (C) rats during tracheal occlusion. Both doses of capsaicin significantly attenuated the retrusive (A and B) and protrusive (C) tongue force. Values are means ± SE. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with the value during tracheal occlusion, but without capsaicin treatment.
