Table 2.
List of 48 inflammatory genes analyzed in the study and mean ΔCT of gene expression in healthy subjects.
| HUGO designation | Gene name | Gene function | Mean ΔCT of healthy subjects (n = 122) |
|---|---|---|---|
| B7 | CD80 | Regulatory protein that may be associated with lupus | 21.17 |
| C1QA | Complement component 1, q subcomponent, A chain | Serum complement system component, forms C1 complex with pro-enzymes C1r and C1s | 21.64 |
| CD3Z | CD247 molecule | T-cell surface glycoprotein | 15.20 |
| CD4 | CD4 molecule | Helper T-cell marker; accessory protein in the MHC/T-cell receptor interaction | 15.84 |
| CD8A | CD8a molecule | Cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell marker; binds MHC I; thought to play role T-cell mediated killing | 16.40 |
| CD14 | CD14 molecule | Monocyte LPS receptor; cooperates with MD-2 and TLR-4 in response to LPS | 14.84 |
| CD19 | CD19 molecule | B-cell growth factor; membrane protein that potentiates receptor-dependent activation | 18.65 |
| CXCL1 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 | Chemotactic for neutrophils; pro-inflammatory; modulates metalloproteinase activity | 19.78 |
| CXCL2 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 | Chemotactic for neutrophils and hematopoietic precursor cells | 23.32 |
| CSF2 | Colony stimulating factor 2 | aka GM-CSF; stimulates growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells | 23.59 |
| CSF3 | Colony stimulating factor 3 | aka GCSF; cytokine that stimulates granulocyte development | 23.45 |
| F3 | Coagulation factor 3 (thromboplastin, tissue factor) | aka thromboplastin, coagulation factor 3; responsible for coagulation catalysis | 23.63 |
| HLA-DRB1 | Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 | Binds antigen for presentation to CD4+ cells | 22.09 |
| HMOX1 | Heme oxygenase (decycling) 1 | Essential for heme catabolism; cleaves heme to form biliverdin and CO; endotoxin inducible | 17.10 |
| HSPA1A | Heat shock protein A1A | Molecular chaperone; stabilizes AU rich mRNA; hydrophobic peptide | 14.76 |
| ICAM1 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 | Endothelial cell surface molecule; regulates cell adhesion and trafficking of leukocytes | 18.05 |
| IFNA2 | Interferon, alpha 2 | Interferon produced by macrophages with antiviral effects | 22.20 |
| IFNG | Interferon gamma | Pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, TH1 cytokine, inflammatory mediator of activated T-cells | 22.98 |
| IL1A | Interleukin-1, alpha | Pro-inflammatory; generally cytosolic, released during severe inflammatory disease | 23.14 |
| IL1B | Interleukin-1, beta | Pro-inflammatory; made by activated macrophages; endogenous pyrogen | 16.19 |
| IL1RN | Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist | Anti-inflammatory; inhibits binding of IL-1 its receptor without stimulating IL-1 activity | 16.41 |
| IL2 | Interleukin-2 | T-cell growth factor, expressed by activated T-cells, TH1 cytokine | 23.11 |
| IL4 | Interleukin-4 | Anti-inflammatory; TH2; suppresses cytokines, increases IL-1RN expression | 23.25 |
| IL5 | Interleukin-5 | Stimulates eosinophil expansion and B-cell differentiation | 22.70 |
| IL6 | Interleukin-6 | Pro- and anti-inflammatory activity; TH2 cytokine; regulates hematopoiesis | 23.11 |
| IL8 | Interleukin-8 | Pro-inflammatory CXC chemokine; major secondary inflammatory mediator | 21.04 |
| IL10 | Interleukin-10 | Anti-inflammatory; TH2 cytokine; suppresses production of pro-inflammatory cytokines | 22.84 |
| IL12B | Interleukin-12b | Pro-inflammatory, TH1 cytokine, requires co-stimulation with IL-18 to induce IFN-γ | 23.28 |
| IL13 | Interleukin-13 | Inhibits inflammatory cytokine production | 23.09 |
| IL15 | Interleukin-15 | Pro-inflammatory; T-cell activator; inhibits apoptosis; with IL-2 induces IFN-γ and TNF-α | 22.05 |
| IL18 | Interleukin-18 | Pro-inflammatory; TH1 cytokine; promotes apoptosis; induces IFNγ ; blocked by IL18BP | 20.12 |
| IL18BP | Interleukin-18 binding protein | Binds and inactivates IL18; implicated in inhibition of early TH1 cytokine responses | 17.59 |
| MMP3 | Matrix metallopeptidase 3 | aka stromelysin; degrades fibronectin, laminin, and gelatin | 23.71 |
| MMP9 | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 | Degrades extracellular matrix molecules; made by neutrophils; Role in arthritis and metastasis | 16.39 |
| PLA2G7 | Phospholipase A2, group VII | Activates platelet activating factor (PF4) | 19.93 |
| NOS2A | Nitric oxide synthase 2a, inducible | aka iNOS; produces NO which is bacteriocidal/tumoricidal | 23.53 |
| PLAUR | Plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor | Ligand-specific cell surface receptor for UPA; localizes and promotes plasmin formation | 15.59 |
| PTGS2 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | Pro-inflammatory; regulates angiogenesis and cell migration | 17.92 |
| PTPRC | Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C | An essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling; suppresses JAK kinases | 11.89 |
| SERPINE1 | Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E | Interacts with tissue plasminogen activator to regulate fibrinolysis; inhibits PLAU | 22.95 |
| TGFB1 | Transforming growth factor, beta 1 | Pro- and anti-inflammatory activity; anti-apoptotic | 13.55 |
| TIMP1 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 | Inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases; transcriptionally induced by cytokines and hormones | 15.11 |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor | Pro-inflammatory TH1 cytokine, primary mediator of immune response and regulation | 20.65 |
| TNFSF5 | CD40 ligand | Ligand for CD40; expressed on T-cells; regulates B-cell function by engaging CD40 | 17.61 |
| TNFSF6 | Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) | Ligand for FAS antigen; critical in triggering apoptosis | 21.00 |
| TNFSF13B | Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b | B cell activating factor, TNF family | 15.46 |
| TNFRSF13B | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13b | Controls T-cell-dependent B-cell antibody responses | 20.81 |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor | Produced by monocytes | 23.07 |