— Bar plots of cytokine levels in supernatant or extract from mesothelial cells (MCs) derived from effluents in the BicaVera (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany) and standard fluid (Stay·Safe: Fresenius Medical Care) groups. The statistical comparison uses mixed-model analysis, which determines the significance of differences between the groups and for each group over time. No significant differences were observed for (A) levels of E-cadherin messenger RNA (mRNA) in MCs (relative units); (B) production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, picograms per milligram) in supernatant; (C) levels of fibronectin mRNA in MCs (relative units); (E) levels of collagen I mRNA in MCs (relative units); and (F) levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1, picograms per milligram) in supernatant. Significantly higher levels were observed only for (D) supernatant levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8, picograms per milligram) in the standard fluid group, which showed a significant trend to rise over time (fluid–time: p < 0.01). R.U. = relative units.