Figure 5.

Effect of capsaicin on a pancreatic cancer xenograft in nude mice. (A) Tumor weights. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and ^*P<0.05, compared with vehicle-treated mice. (B) Tumor volumes. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and ^*P<0.05, compared with vehicle-treated mice. (C) Apoptotic cells evaluated by TUNEL assay in tumor tissues. (D) Western blot analysis for cleaved caspase-3, phospho-PI3 Kinase p85 (Tyr458) and phospho-Akt (Ser473). β-tubulin was used as a loading control. The results shown are representative of three independent experiments.