Figure 5. Distribution of published studies on clinical algorithms for screening for smear-negative TB in HIV-infected individuals (“rule-out”), by geography, objective, and study setting.

Effectiveness studies, algorithm related to studies designed to evaluate predefined clinical algorithms, and effectiveness studies, diagnostics to studies designed to evaluate combined diagnostic methods, both for excluding TB among HIV-infected individuals and done in routine or mixed routine-research settings. One cost-effectiveness study was also included as evaluation of combined diagnostic methods.