Figure 2. LPS leads to endothelial damage and causes enhanced tumor-cell adhesion. (A) Schematic overview of the co-culture of HUVEC and macrophages (MΦ) in vitro. (B) HUVEC-macrophages co-cultures were incubated with different concentrations of LPS. Red: HUVECs fluorescently stained with Ulex-Rhodamin, blue: cell nuclei. (C) Quantification of damaged endothelial area (%). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. (D) Tumor-cell adherence after exposure of HUVEC-MΦ co-cultures to control or LPS. Red: HUVECs, blue: cell nuclei, light blue: SW620 tumor cells. Dotted lines indicate damaged areas without endothelial cells.