. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012 Mar 14;145(1):249–257. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.01.082

Table 1.

Simulation of cavopulmonary assist device flow for normal, Fontan circulation without, and with VIP support. VIP support increases the Fontan circulation cavopulmonary pressure head, cardiac output, and aortic pressures to near normal biventricular values. A simulated VIP flow of 3.5 L/min (full support) is higher than the predicted cardiac output of 3.3 L/min due to retrograde flow (recirculation, ~0.2 L/min) around the VIP.

Case	HR (bpm)	SV (ml)	CO (l/min)	CO % increase	AoP (mmHg)	CPPH (mmHg)	VIP Flow (L/min)
Normal	120	26.2	3.26		87.7/54.2	--	0
Fontan	110	26.0	2.83	---	80.3/51.0	0.3	0
Fontan + partial VIP support	110	26.0	2.85	0.7	80.6/51.1	0.1	1.75
Fontan + partial VIP support	110	26.9	2.96	4.6	82.7/51.7	-2.6	3.0
Fontan + full VIP Support	110	30.3	3.30	16.6	87.1/53.0	- 5.5	3.5

HR: heart rate; SV: stroke volume; CO: cardiac output; CO % increase : percent increase from baseline Fontan cardiac output; AoP: aortic pressure; CPPH: cavopulmonary pressure head = vena cava pressure – pulmonary artery pressure.