Table 2.
Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P values for the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and overall bladder cancer risk, risk of low- and high-grade non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC)*
| Overall | Low-grade NMIBC | High-grade NMIBC | MIBC | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D status | 25(OH) D3, ng/mL | Controls | Cases | OR (95% CI)† | P | Cases | OR (95% CI)† | P | Cases | OR (95% CI)† | P | Cases | OR (95% CI)† | P |
| Sufficient | ≥30.00 | 74 | 51 | 1.00 (referent) | 27 | 1.00 (referent) | 10 | 1.00 (referent) | 9 | 1.00 (referent) | ||||
| Insufficient | 20.00–29.99 | 227 | 229 | 1.40 (0.92 to 2.14) | .12 | 120 | 1.35 (0.81 to 2.26) | .25 | 38 | 1.14 (0.53 to 2.45) | .73 | 44 | 1.44 (0.66 to 3.14) | .37 |
| Slightly deficient | 15.00–19.99 | 212 | 219 | 1.63 (1.06 to 2.51) | .03 | 116 | 1.58 (0.94 to 2.66) | .08 | 46 | 1.68 (0.79 to 3.57) | .18 | 43 | 1.83 (0.83 to 4.02) | .14 |
| Moderately deficient | 10.00–14.99 | 255 | 280 | 1.67 (1.09 to 2.56) | .02 | 146 | 1.55 (0.92 to 2.59) | .096 | 49 | 1.40 (0.66 to 2.99) | .38 | 61 | 2.13 (0.98 to 4.65) | .06 |
| Severely deficient | <10.00 | 260 | 346 | 1.83 (1.19 to 2.82) | .006 | 170 | 1.64 (0.97 to 2.76) | .07 | 62 | 1.55 (0.72 to 3.32) | .26 | 89 | 2.81 (1.29 to 6.13) | .009 |
| P trend | .004 | .07 | .18 | .0005 | ||||||||||
* Ninety-five cases could not be assigned to any tumor/grade group because the paraffin block could not be retrieved. Likelihood-ratio test P for the pairwise comparisons between odds ratio of low-grade and high-grade NMIBC and MIBC among the severely deficient (vs sufficient) were .89, low-grade vs high-grade NMIBC; .19, low-grade NMIBC vs MIBC; and .24, high-grade NMIBC vs MIBC.
† Adjusted for age, sex, region, smoking status, and season of blood collection.