Table 3.
Multivariate linear regression analysis of factors associated with quality of life scores of HIV-infected children.a
| Domain | N | Predictors factors | Coefficientb (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health perception | 287 | CDC N and A vs. CDC B | 4.4 (0.8–8.1) | 0.02 |
| Higher CD4 vs. lower CD4c | 9.5 (4.9–14.3) | <0.0001 | ||
| HIV-RNA log10 <5 vs. ≥ 5 | 5.2 (1.4–9.0) | 0.007 | ||
| Thai vs. Cambodian | 15.4 (11.8–18.9) | 0.0001 | ||
| Physical resilience | 290 | CDC N and A vs. CDC B | 4.3 (0.5–8.2) | 0.03 |
| Weight for age Z-score ≥ −1.5 vs.<1.5 | 5.7 (1.7–9.8) | 0.01 | ||
| Physical functioning | 293 | Age (years) | 2.6 (2.0–3.2) | <0.0001 |
| Thai vs. Cambodian | 6.9 (3.6–10.3) | <0.0001 | ||
| Psychological well-being | 191 | Recent negative life events vs. none | −1.4 (−2.7 to −0.2) | 0.03 |
| Social and role functioning | 289 | Age (years) | 5.9 (4.9 −7.0) | <0.0001 |
| Biological vs. non-biological parents | −8.1 (−14.4 to −1.8) | 0.01 | ||
| HIV-RNA log10 <5 vs. ≥ 5 | 6.7 (1.0–12.5) | 0.02 | ||
| Thai vs. Cambodian | 10.5 (4.3–16.7) | <0.0001 | ||
| Health care utilization | 294 | Age (years) | 0.8 (0.2–1.4) | 0.01 |
| Disclosed vs. non-disclosed of HIV | −6.2 (−9.6 to −2.8) | <0.0001 | ||
| Higher CD4 vs. lower CD4c | 4.0 (0.1–8.0) | 0.046 | ||
| Symptoms | 292 | Recent negative life events vs. none | −1.2 (−1.9 to −0.6) | <0.0001 |
| CDC N and A vs. CDC B | 3.0 (0.3–5.6) | 0.03 |
Higher score indicated better quality of life. There was no statistically significant association between the gender or orphanage status and QOL domains (data not shown). All variables associated with QOL at the level of p <0.10 in the univariate analysis (data not shown) were used to build the multivariate models.
Represents the coefficient (95% CI) for each parameter in a multiple regression model. Apart from age, these coefficients represent the mean difference in transformed QOL scores between the two groups.
Grouping CD4 by 2008 WHO criteria for initiating antiretroviral therapy (Lower CD4 group was defined as children who met the CD4 criteria for ART initiation while the higher CD4 group was defined as children who did not meet these criteria) (WHO Antiretroviral Therapy for Infants and Children, 2008).