The effect of TNF-alpha on MDA-MB-231 (A), MCF7 (B), MeWo (C), and SKMEL-30 (D) cell migration. Stimulation of all tumor cells with this cytokine caused a significant increase in the migratory ability of all four tumor cell lines. MDA-MB-231 stimulated with TNF-α had a significantly higher migration rate compared to the unstimulated control at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours post wounding (p<0.001). MCF7, MeWo, and SKMEL-30 also showed significantly higher migratory ability at 24 hours post wounding; p value<0.01,<0.01, and 0.014, respectively. Pooled data from two independent experiments, each in triplicate (n=6). *significant difference compared to control group.