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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 19.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Apr 18;106(4):621–627. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1051-4

Table 3.

Hemodynamic changes during submaximal exercise stages in HF and healthy subjects

Stage Group Power (W) LLCT (s) Q (l min−1) Conductance (ml min−1 mmHg−1)
Rest HF 54 ± 3 4.3 ± 0.1 54 ± 13
Control 55 ± 3 4.5 ± 0.1 53 ± 15
Stage 1 HF 21 ± 5* 31 ± 4 6.3 ± 0.6 80 ± 18
Control 49 ± 21 26 ± 2 8.4 ± 0.6 90 ± 16
Stage 2 HF 39 ± 11* 28 ± 3 6.7 ± 0.7* 84 ± 14*
Control 103 ± 38 22 ± 1 11.3 ± 0.9 115 ± 31
Stage 3 HF 69 ± 19* 23 ± 2 7.6 ± 0.7* 89 ± 14*
Control 164 ± 55 18 ± 1 15.1 ± 1.0 141 ± 26

Results are mean ± SD

HF, chronic heart failure group, LLCT lung-to-lung circulation time, Q cardiac output

*

P < 0.05, HF group less than control group