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. 2012 Sep 28;56(2):291–299. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis842

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Pneumococcal colonization increases as peripheral blood CD4 T-cell counts decrease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection progresses. Incidence of bacterial pneumonia increases as CD4 T-cell counts decrease (published with permission from Dr Hirschtick and NEJM [29]) A, Microbiological identification of pneumococcal carriage in HIV-uninfected (n = 32), HIV-asymptomatic (n = 32), HIV-symptomatic (n = 24), and HIV-infected on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 6–12 months (n = 27) or ≥18 months (n = 21; white bars). B, Median peripheral blood CD4 T-cell counts in HIV-uninfected, HIV-asymptomatic, HIV-symptomatic, and HIV ART (6–12 months and ≥18 months; black line).