Table 2.
Comparison between HV and control groups for self-reported foot pain, disability and concern about appearance (mean ± SD for all tests except FPDI presented as median (min – max))
| HV group (n = 30) | Control group (n = 30) | Mean difference (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FHSQ (score range 0 – 100) | |||
| Foot pain scale |
76.8±18.5 |
94.9±6.2 |
−18.1 (−25.3 to −11.0)** |
| Foot function scale |
86.9±17.7 |
99.4±2.5 |
−12.5 (−19.0 to −5.9)** |
| Footwear scale |
28.1±23.1 |
75.5±25.4 |
−47.5 (−60.0 to −34.9)** |
| General foot health |
49.1±29.0 |
86.6±13.9 |
−37.5 (−49.3 to −25.7)** |
| VAS (0 – 100 mm) | |||
| Worst pain VAS |
37.6±25.5 |
12.2±16.9 |
25.5 (14.3 to 36.6)** |
| Average pain VAS |
15.4±15.1 |
3.2±6.9 |
12.3 (6.2 to 18.3)** |
| Appearance VAS |
58.4±31.4 |
20.4±23.2 |
38.1 (23.8 to 52.3)** |
| Pressure-pain threshold (kPa) | |||
| Medial first MTPJ |
561.6±224.1 |
694.9±233.3 |
−133.3 (−251.5 to −15.1)* |
| Plantar first MTPJ |
448.7±196.8 |
539.5±231.5 |
−90.8 (−201.8 to 20.3) |
| Footwear examination (mm) | |||
| Relative heel height |
15.2±11.8 |
16.2±12.3 |
−0.96 (−7.3 to 5.4) |
| Relative ball width† |
4.6±4.6 |
4.8±5.2 |
−0.22 (−3.1 to 2.6) |
| FPDI |
|
|
Wilcoxon rank-sum Z |
| Function (score range 0 – 20) |
2 (0 – 14) |
0 (0 – 5) |
−4.88** |
| Pain (score range 0 – 10) |
3 (0 – 8) |
0 (0 – 2) |
−5.81** |
| Total (score range 0 – 34) | 5.5 (0 – 24) | 0 (0 – 9) | −6.18** |
Abbreviations: HV = hallux valgus; CI = confidence interval; FHSQ = Foot Health Status Questionnaire; VAS = Visual analogue scale; MTPJ = metatarsophalangeal joint; FPDI = Foot Pain and Disability Index.
* P < 0.05.
** P < 0.001.
† Twelve subjects were excluded from this analysis; therefore analysis was based on n = 48 (23 HV, 25 control).