Table 2.
Clinical signs observed in polo horses with glanders during the study period
| Clinical signs |
d 0 before malleinisation |
d 60 during treatment |
d 180 post-treatment |
d 360 follow-up period |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| a) |
Fever |
22 |
95.6 |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
| mild (38.9-39.4°C; 102.0 -102.9°F) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| moderate (39.5-40.0°C; 103.1-104.0°F) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| b) |
Inappentence |
23 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| c) |
Debility |
23 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| d) |
Quick loss of stamina (when put to work, exercised or driven) |
23 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| f) |
Cough |
14 |
60.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| g) |
Dyspnoea |
16 |
69.6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| h) |
Abnormal respiratory sounds (audible at a distance) |
10 |
43.5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| i) |
Nasal discharge |
18 |
78.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| - Uni-lateral |
10 |
43.5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Bilateral |
8 |
34.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Without blood |
4 |
17.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - With blood |
14 |
60.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Occasional epistaxis (when put to work, exercised or driven) |
6 |
26.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| j) |
Nasal septum ulcers |
16 |
69.6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| k) |
Nodules and crater-like ulcers |
20 |
86.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| - Medial aspect of thigh |
14 |
60.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Perianal region |
6 |
26.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Groin |
6 |
26.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Below hock |
6 |
26.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Foreleg |
2 |
8.7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Achilles tendon |
2 |
8.7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Face |
4 |
17.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Testes |
4 |
17.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Distributed almost all over the body |
4 |
17.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| l) |
Orchitis |
4 |
26.6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| m) |
Enlargement of submaxillary lymph nodes |
23 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| - Enlargement visible from a distance |
4 |
17.4 |
-* |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Enlargement detectable only on palpation |
20 |
86.9 |
-* |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| n) |
Cording of lymphatics |
10 |
43.5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| - Inner aspects of thigh |
6 |
26.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| - Latero-medial aspects of trunk and abdomen |
4 |
17.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| o) | Oedema of hind legs | 8 | 34.8 | ||||||
#: number of horses affected; *: tortuous, palpably enlarged; - not observed.