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. 2012 Nov 7;8:214. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-214

Table 2.

Clinical signs observed in polo horses with glanders during the study period

  Clinical signs d 0 before malleinisation
d 60 during treatment
d 180 post-treatment
d 360 follow-up period
# % # % # % # %
a)
Fever
22
95.6
-
 
-
-
-
-
mild (38.9-39.4°C; 102.0 -102.9°F)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
moderate (39.5-40.0°C; 103.1-104.0°F)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b)
Inappentence
23
100
-
-
-
-
-
-
c)
Debility
23
100
-
-
-
-
-
-
d)
Quick loss of stamina (when put to work, exercised or driven)
23
100
-
-
-
-
-
-
f)
Cough
14
60.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
g)
Dyspnoea
16
69.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
h)
Abnormal respiratory sounds (audible at a distance)
10
43.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
i)
Nasal discharge
18
78.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Uni-lateral
10
43.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Bilateral
8
34.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Without blood
4
17.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
- With blood
14
60.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Occasional epistaxis (when put to work, exercised or driven)
6
26.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
j)
Nasal septum ulcers
16
69.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
k)
Nodules and crater-like ulcers
20
86.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Medial aspect of thigh
14
60.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Perianal region
6
26.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Groin
6
26.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Below hock
6
26.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Foreleg
2
8.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Achilles tendon
2
8.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Face
4
17.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Testes
4
17.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Distributed almost all over the body
4
17.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
l)
Orchitis
4
26.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
m)
Enlargement of submaxillary lymph nodes
23
100
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Enlargement visible from a distance
4
17.4
-*
-
-
-
-
-
- Enlargement detectable only on palpation
20
86.9
-*
-
-
-
-
-
n)
Cording of lymphatics
10
43.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Inner aspects of thigh
6
26.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Latero-medial aspects of trunk and abdomen
4
17.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
o) Oedema of hind legs 8 34.8            

#: number of horses affected; *: tortuous, palpably enlarged; - not observed.