Figure 4. Braincase of Erlikosaurus andrewsi (IGM 100/111).

Sagittal sections in (A) and (B) in rostromedial view. Lateral braincase wall in (C) and (D) in right lateral view with squamosal, postorbital, quadrate and quadratojugal digitally removed (based on a digital reconstruction of the cranial anatomy). Bone in (C) and (D) rendered transparent to reveal endocranial elements. Abbreviations: bsp, basisphenoid; cc, columellar canal; ed, endolymphatic duct; exoc, exoccipital and paroccipital process; ff, floccular fossa; fo, foramen; pro, prootic; V₂, maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve canal; V₃, mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve canal; VII, facial nerve canal; VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve canal; IX–XI, shared canal for the glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal accessory nerve; XII, hypoglossal nerve canal.