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. 2012 Dec 19;7(12):e51809. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051809

Figure 4. Summary co-dispersal analysis of H. obsoletus and tuf-a stolbur based on genealogies and frequency distributions of genetic markers for explaining dissemination of tuf-a in north-western Europe.

Figure 4

The figure combines Fig. 1a and e, showing incongruent historical dispersal events and indicates that dissemination of tuf-a in north-western Europe was caused by introduction of tuf-a by secondary immigration of vectors (scenario 3).