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. 2011 Oct 25;18(1):67–78. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.131

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Composite biomarker panel for schizophrenia. (a) Scores plot of orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) discriminating urine profiles of schizophrenia patients at baseline (SZ-BL) and normal controls. (b) In all, 21 metabolites identified from the OPLS model with variable importance on a projection (VIP) >1.5. (c) Logistic regression models fitted with different numbers of metabolites. The smallest Akaike information criterion (AIC) was of the model with the five serum metabolites (glycerate, eicosenoic acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate and cystine), the same as those in serum biomarker panel. The logistic regression with the addition of urine β-hydroxybutyrate to the serum panel had a similar AIC value to perfectly predict classification of schizophrenia or control. Thus, the urine β-hydroxybutyrate and the serum biomarker consisted a so-called ‘composite biomarker panel for schizophrenia'. (d) ROC curves of the composite biomarker panel in the training and test sets.