Table 4. Metabolites identified by 1H-NMR and GC-TOFMS.
| Metabolite |
NMR |
GC-TOFMS |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shift | P-valuea | FCb | P-value | FC | |
| Glucose | 3.46 | 1.73E-04 | 1.79 | 2.87E-01 | 1.14 |
| Citrate | 2.66 | 5.58E-03 | −1.34 | 2.75E-01 | −1.19 |
| Lactate | 4.10 | 2.09E-08 | −1.30 | 7.58E-03 | 1.48 |
| Acetone | 2.22 | 1.90E-03 | 1.74 | Not found | |
| Acetoacetate | 2.26 | 5.96E-02 | 1.23 | Not found | |
| 3-Hydroxybutyrate | 1.22 | 6.47E-01 | 1.58 | 5.83E-03 | 1.37 |
Abbreviations: GC-TOFMS, gas chromatograph time-of-flight mass spectrometer; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; SZ-BL, schizophrenia patients at baseline.
a
P-values from non-parametric Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test.
b
FC is a positive value fold change that indicates a relatively higher concentration present in SZ-BL, while a negative value means a relatively lower concentration as compared to the controls.