. 2012 Oct 23;22(1):118–124. doi: 10.1007/s10646-012-1008-y

Table 1.

Metal concentrations in the humus layer and in the ground beetles P. oblongopuncatus (mean ± SD) and calculated pollution indices (PI)^a along two metal pollution gradients

Gradient	Location	Distance from nearest smelter (km)	Metals in soil^b			Metals in beetles			Whole-body respiration rate	Cellular respiration rate
Gradient	Location		Cd	Zn	PI	Cd	Zn	BCI	(μl O₂ h⁻¹ g⁻¹ bw)
			(mg kg⁻¹ dw)			(mg kg⁻¹ dw)			(μl O₂ h⁻¹ g⁻¹ bw)
	50º17′N, 19º29′E	1.9	71.4	6,151	52.3	2.5 ± 2.21 (23)^c	115 ± 15 (24)	2.25	449 ± 74 (24)	4,771 ± 2,121
	50º18′N, 19º29′E	3.9	39.1	1,763	21.3	1.6 ± 1.11 (24)	107 ± 15 (23)	1.61	447 ± 55 (24)	5,282 ± 1,929
OLK	50º19′N, 19º30′E	5.3	14.7	1,253	10.7	1.6 ± 0.97 (24)	103 ± 10 (23)	1.62	442 ± 54 (23)	4,106 ± 2,262
	50º19′N, 19º32′E	7.9	12.2	755	7.6	1.8 ± 1.10 (24)	104 ± 15 (24)	1.73	423 ± 54 (23)	6,019 ± 2,792
	50º25′N, 19º38′E	19.6	4.03	224	2.4	0.6 ± 0.48 (23)	99 ± 90 (24)	0.94	452 ± 59 (24)	5,026 ± 2,112
Unpolluted site 2008	50º32′N, 19º39′E	31.8	1.48	109	1.0	0.7 ± 0.65 (23)	100 ± 11 (24)	1.00	432 ± 59 (24)	4,995 ± 2,046
	50º29′N, 18º57′E	2.1	52 ± 10.6	2,684 ± 689	20.5	3.7 ± 1.89 (32)	104 ± 16 (32)	4.76	535 ± 97 (30)	4,453 ± 2,855
	50º31′N, 18º56′E	2.6	55 ± 12.1	2,906 ± 726	21.9	3.4 ± 1.41 (38)	106 ± 17 (42)	4.39	562 ± 127 (40)	6,092 ± 3,164
MSL	50º31′N, 18º57′E	3.3	36 ± 10.1	1,886 ± 520	14.3	2.3 ± 1.19 (51)	101 ± 15 (54)	3.12	506 ± 89 (52)	3,566 ± 1,829
	50º32′N, 18º57′E	5.1	5,9 ± 1.5	292 ± 68	2.3	1.4 ± 0.51 (23)	105 ± 16 (24)	2.12	511 ± 78 (21)	3,880 ± 2,059
	50º34′N, 19º58′E	8.7	4.8 ± 2.3	319 ± 80	2.1	0.9 ± 0.44 (35)	100 ± 15 (36)	1.53	525 ± 118 (33)	3,165 ± 1,776
Unpolluted site 2010	50º32′N, 19º39′E	31.8	2.2 ± 1.8	155 ± 28	1.0	0.4 ± 0.37 (41)	95 ± 14 (43)	1.00	512 ± 110 (40)	4,536 ± 1,626

OLK Olkusz, MSL Miasteczko Slaskie

^aPollution and Body Concentration indices were calculated according to the equation \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\text{PI}} = \frac{{{\text{Zn}}_{i} /{\text{Zn}}_{U} + {\text{Cd}}_{i} /{\text{Cd}}_{U} }}{2} $$\end{document}, where index i denotes site number, index U unpolluted site, and metal symbols stand for their concentrations in soil (PI) or beetles (BCI) (mg kg⁻¹ dry wt)

^bData for soil concentration for OLK gradient from Stefanowicz et al. (2008) and for MSL gradient from Tarasek (2011), no SD indicated for OLK gradient as chemical analysis were performed on mixed samples

^cNumber of beetles analyzed after outlier elimination