FIG. 1.

Oxidized Trx3 promotes apoptosis. (A) The wild-type glr1, trr2, trx3, glr1 trr2, and glr1 trr2 trx3 mutant strains were grown to an exponential phase in fermentative (YEPD) or respiratory (YEPGE) media. The percentage of apoptotic (Annexin V staining) and necrotic (propidium iodide staining) cells is indicated. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared with the wild-type control strain. (B) The proportion of apoptotic cells was determined using the TUNEL assay in the same strains as described above grown under respiratory conditions. *p<0.05 compared with the wild-type control strain. TUNEL, terminal dUTP nick end-labeling; YEPD, yeast extract, peptone dextrose; YEPGE, yeast extract, peptone glycerol, ethanol.