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. 2013 Feb 1;18(4):432–468. doi: 10.1089/ars.2011.4234

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Antioxidants in the cardiac cells. The major antioxidants are glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) along with the enzymes glutathione reductase (GRed) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADPH oxidase, and α-tocopherol and vitamin C. MITO, mitochondria; RCOO and RCOOH, lipid radical and lipid; α-toco and α-toco, α-tocopheroxyl radical and α-tocopherol.