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. 2012 Dec 5;20(Pt 1):23–36. doi: 10.1107/S0909049512046237

Table 1. Mother liquor conditions and results for reported MX scavenger studies where the results from different researchers are inconsistent.

Int = introduction: C = co-crystal, S = soak, N/A = not applicable. Damage: G = global damage, Sp = specific damage. Res = response: N = null, P = positive, S = sensitizing, U = unclear. Damage metrics: A### nm = absorbance peak detected by microspectrophotometry at the specified wavelength, |F n − F 0| = difference electron density maps calculated from the difference in structure factors for the nth dataset and first dataset. The other metrics are defined in the text.

Scavenger Concentration of scavenger Temperature System† Int Conditions Damage Metric Res
1,4-Benzoquinone 0.4 M 100 K Disulfide/thiol model solutionsa N/A 0.1 M cystine, 0.75 M NaOH, 30% v/v EG, pH 13.3 Sp A400 nm P
0.5 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsb S 0.1 M NaAc pH 4.5, 4–8% w/v NaCl G Average I/I 0 P
Saturated 100 K Azurin crystalsc S 5 mM NaAc pH 5.8, 1.85–1.95 M (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 M LiNO3 Sp A632 nm N
Saturated 100 K Myoglobin crystalsc S 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.2–7.4, 1.5–1.6 M (NH4)2SO4, 2.25% v/v PEG Sp A413–A427 nm, A500–A700 nm N
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 0.01 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel S
0.01 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
Ascorbate >0.3 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalse C 0.2 M NaAc pH 4.7 3–7% w/v NaCl, 20% v/v glycerol Sp A400 nm P
0.5 M 100 K N9 neuraminidase crystalsf S 1.7 M potassium phosphate 40% v/v glycerol G Average I/I 0, unit cell P
Sp |F n| − |F 0|
0.8 M 92 K Free SeMet-containing solutionsg N/A 25 mM SeMet, 25% v/v glycerol Sp XANES D 1/2 P
0.3 M 100 K Disulfide/thiol model solutionsa N/A 0.1 M cystine, 0.75 M NaOH, 30% v/v EG, pH 12.9 Sp A400 nm P
0.5 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsb C 0.1 M NaAc pH 4.5, 4–8% w/v NaCl G Average I/I 0 P
Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
0.2 M 100 K Azurin crystalsc S 5 mM NaAc pH 5.8, 1.85–1.95 M (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 M LiNO3 Sp A632 nm P
Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
G Average I/I 0 P
0.2 M 100 K Myoglobin crystalsc S 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.2–7.4, 1.5–1.6 M (NH4)2SO4, 2.25% v/v PEG Sp A413–A427 nm, A500–A700 nm N
1.0 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsh C 0.1 M NaAc pH 4.7, 10% w/v NaCl, 30% v/v glycerol Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
G Average I/I 0 P
0.1 M RT, 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
Cysteine 0.2 M 100 K Azurin crystalsc S 5 mM NaAc pH 5.8, 1.85–1.95 M (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 M LiNO3 Sp A632 nm N
|F n| − |F 0| N
0.2 M 100 K Myoglobin crystalsc S 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.2–7.4, 1.5–1.6 M (NH4)2SO4, 2.25% v/v PEG Sp A413–A427 nm, A500–A700 nm N
0.1 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel S
0.1 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
DTNB 0.2 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsi S 25 mM NaAc pH 4.5, 5% w/v NaCl Sp |F n| − |F 0| U
G R d P
0.2 M 100 K PPE crystalsi S 50 mM NaAc pH 5.1, 100 mM sodium citrate, 20 mM CaCl2 Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
G R d P
0.2 M 100 K Thaumatin crystalsi S 50 mM ADA pH 6.5, 500 mM sodium/potassium tartrate Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
G R d P
Glutathione (oxidized) 0.2 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsi S 25 mM NaAc pH 4.5, 5% w/v NaCl G R d N
0.2 M 100 K PPE crystalsi S 50 mM NaAc pH 5.1, 100 mM sodium citrate, 20 mM CaCl2 Sp |F n| − |F 0| N
G R d S
0.2 M 100 K Thaumatin crystalsi S 50 mM ADA pH 6.5, 500 mM sodium/potassium tartrate Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
G R d
HEPES 0.5 M 100 K Disulfide/thiol model solutionsa N/A 0.1 M cystine, 0.5 M NaOH, 30% v/v EG, pH 9.66 Sp A400 nm N
0.2 M 100 K Azurin crystalsc S 5 mM NaAc pH 5.8, 1.85–1.95 M (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 M LiNO3 Sp A632 nm U
|F n| − |F 0| U
Hydroquinone 0.1 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel S
0.1 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
Nicotinic acid 0.2 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsi S 25 mM NaAc pH 4.5, 5% w/v NaCl Sp |F n| − |F 0| U
G R d P
0.2 M 100 K PPE crystalsi S 50 mM NaAc pH 5.1, 100 mM sodium citrate, 20 mM CaCl2 Sp |F n| − |F 0| U
G R d P
0.2 M 100 K Thaumatin crystalsi S 50 mM ADA pH 6.5, 500 mM sodium/potassium tartrate Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
G R d P
0.15 M 100 K Bovine pancreatic trypsin crystalsj S 2.5 mg ml−1 benzamidine, 15 mM HEPES, pH 7.0 1.5 mM CaCl2, 10% PEG 8 K 50 mM cacodylate pH 6.5 100 mM ammonium sulfate 7.5% glycerol G R d N
N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) 0.16 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel S
0.16 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
PEG 4000 15% 100 K Canavalin crystalsk S 0.7% NaCl G Average I/I 0 P
20% 100 K Fructose 1,6 diphos­phatasek S – G Average I/I 0 P
12%, 45% 100 K Disulfide/thiol model solutionsa N/A 0.1 M cystine, 0.75 M NaOH, 30% v/v glycerol, pH 13.59, 13.70 Sp A400 nm N
0.1 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel S
0.1 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
Reduced DTT 0.5 M 100 K Disulfide/thiol model solutionsa N/A 0.1 M cystine, 0.5 M NaOH, 30% v/v EG, pH 9.5 Sp A400 nm U
Sodium nitrate 0.02 M 195 K β-Galactosidase solutionsl N/A 0.01 M phosphate, pH 8.0 Sp Mass of native polypeptide U
0.02 M RT β-Galactosidase solutionsl N/A 0.01 M phosphate, pH 8.0 Sp Mass of native polypeptide N
1 M 92 K Free SeMet-containing solutionsg N/A 25 mM SeMet, 25% v/v glycerol Sp XANES D 1/2 P
1% 40 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsm C 50 mM NaAc pH 4.5, 0.25 M NaCl 30% v/v EG Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
0.5 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsh S 0.1 M NaAc pH 4.7, 10% w/v NaCl, 30% v/v glycerol Sp A400 nm P
Sp |F n| − |F 0| P
G I/I 0 P
  0.1 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd S 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel P
  0.1 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd S 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
Styrene 0.002 M RT DOB immunoglobulin crystalsn,o C 70% 0.1 M sodium borate, pH 8.4 G I/I 0 for 2 or 3 reflections P
Saturated 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalse C 25 mM NaAc pH 4.5, 0.5 M NaCl, 30% MPEG 5K 10% v/v glycerol Sp |F n| − |F 0| N
G Average I/I 0 N
0.1 M RT Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel S
0.1 M 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
Thiourea 0.5 M 100 K Disulfide/thiol model solutionsa N/A 0.1 M cystine, 0.25 M NaOH, 30% v/v EG, pH 10.87 Sp A400 nm U
0.2 M 100 K Azurin crystalsc S 5 mM NaAc pH 5.8, 1.85–1.95 M (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 M LiNO3 G A632 nm U
0.4 M RT, 100 K Tetragonal HEWL crystalsd C 0.5 M NaCl G ΔB rel N
Trehalose 1 M 100K Disulfide/thiol model solutionsa N/A 0.1 M cystine, 0.25 M NaOH, 30% v/v glycerol, pH 12.1 Sp A400 nm N
Tris 0.02 M RT β-Galactosidase solutionsl N/A 0.01 M phosphate, pH 8.0 Sp Mass of native polypeptide P
  0.02 M 195 K β-Galactosidase solutionsl N/A 0.01 M phosphate, pH 8.0 Sp Mass of native polypeptide N
  0.02 M RT β-Galactosidase lyophilisized powdersl N/A 0.01 M phosphate, pH 8.0 Sp Mass of native polypeptide P
  0.02 M 195 K β-Galactosidase lyophilisized powdersl N/A 0.01 M phosphate, pH 8.0 Sp Mass of native polypeptide N
†

aSouthworth-Davies & Garman (2007 ▶). bBarker et al. (2009 ▶). cMacedo et al. (2009 ▶). dKmetko et al. (2011 ▶). eMurray & Garman (2002 ▶). fBetts (2003 ▶). gHolton (2007 ▶). hDe la Mora et al. (2011 ▶). iKauffmann et al. (2006 ▶). jNowak et al. (2009 ▶). kCascio et al. (1984 ▶). lAudette-Stuart et al. (2005 ▶). mBorek et al. (2007 ▶). nZaloga & Sarma (1974 ▶). oSarma & Zaloga (1975 ▶).