Table 1. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of the Sample Divided According to GSK3-β rs334558 Genotype and Ongoing Lithium Treatment.
| Genotyping | T/T homozygotes (n=26) | C carriers (n=44) | t or χ2 (df=68 or 1) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 45.77±11.79 | 45.75±11.4 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Sex (F/M) | 19/7 | 31/13 | 0.06 | 0.81 |
| Education (years at school) | 11.42±4.4 | 10.79±3.52 | 0.62 | 0.53 |
| Age at onset | 30.19±9.63 | 29.61±9.41 | 0.25 | 0.81 |
| Duration of illness (years) | 15.61±9.6 | 15.93±10.43 | 0.13 | 0.90 |
| Duration of lithium treatment (months) | 46.23±67.69 | 39.88±62.07 | 0.40 | 0.69 |
| Previous manic episodes (n) | 3.7±5.42 | 2.98±2.98 | 0.69 | 0.49 |
| Previous depressive episodes (n) | 5.39±5.56 | 5.02±4.94 | 0.27 | 0.79 |
| Head motion scores | 1.04±0.66 | 0.86±0.76 | 0.96 | 0.34 |
| Handedness | 16.91±8.54 | 12.93±9.49 | 1.76 | 0.09 |
|
Lithium treatment |
Lithium-treated (n=20) |
Lithium-free (n=50) |
t
or
χ2
(df=68 or 1) |
p |
| Age | 44.8±9.57 | 46.14±12.2 | 0.44 | 0.66 |
| Sex (F/M) | 11/9 | 39/11 | 3.70 | 0.06 |
| Education (years at school) | 10.94±2.95 | 11.06±4.17 | 0.11 | 0.91 |
| Age at onset | 30.3 ±7.34 | 29.64±10.2 | 0.26 | 0.79 |
| Duration of illness (years) | 14.5±8.63 | 16.34±10.61 | 0.69 | 0.49 |
| Previous manic episodes (n) | 4.00±3.20 | 2.91±4.29 | 0.99 | 0.32 |
| Previous depressive episodes (n) | 4.10±3.40 | 5.6±5.68 | 1.07 | 0.29 |
| Head motion scores | 1.00±0.65 | 0.9±0.76 | 0.52 | 0.61 |
| Handedness | 16.55±8.06 | 13.55±9.68 | 1.22 | 0.22 |
| Lithium and genotyping | T/T (n=8) | C carriers (n=12) | T/T (n=18) | C carriers (n=32) | F or χ2 (df=66, 3 or 3) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 47.37±9.13 | 43.08±9.86 | 45.05±12.97 | 46.75±11.91 | 0.36 | 0.78 |
| Sex (F/M) | 6/2 | 5/7 | 13/5 | 26/6 | 6.78 | 0.08 |
| Education (years at school) | 11.33±2.58 | 10.73±3.23 | 11.44±4.93 | 10.82±3.68 | 0.13 | 0.94 |
| Age at onset | 33.37±10.49 | 28.25±3.39 | 28.78±9.18 | 30.12±10.85 | 0.56 | 0.64 |
| Duration of illness (years) | 14±8.5 | 14.83±9.07 | 16.33±10.2 | 16.34±10.99 | 0.16 | 0.92 |
| Previous manic episodes (n) | 4.57±4.47 | 3.67±2.35 | 3.31±5.88 | 2.69±3.2 | 0.48 | 0.7 |
| Previous depressive episodes (n) | 5.86±4.52 | 3.08±2.15 | 5.19±6.08 | 5.83±5.55 | 0.86 | 0.47 |
| Head motion scores | 1.25±0.46 | 0.83±0.72 | 0.94±0.72 | 0.87±0.79 | 0.64 | 0.59 |
| Handedness | 19.68±4.46 | 14.47±9.37 | 15.69±9.69 | 12.35±9.61 | 1.53 | 0.21 |
No difference was statistically significant (Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, or χ2 test as appropriate).