Table 2.
Hazard ratios of gastric cancer incidence according to alcohol consumption
| Alcohol category | No. of cases | Person-years | Incidence rate/10,000 person-years | HR (95% CI)a | HR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Follow-up from 1978 through 2008 | |||||
|
Frequency |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-drinkers |
11 |
10,761 |
10.2 |
0.95 (0.47–1.92) |
0.96 (0.47– 1.93) |
| A few times per year |
27 |
24,948 |
10.8 |
1 (reference) |
1 (reference) |
| 1–4 times per month |
132 |
94,719 |
13.9 |
1.37 (0.90–2.08) |
1.27 (0.83–1.94) |
| 2–7 times per week |
15 |
6,759 |
22.2 |
2.19 (1.16–4.13) |
2.00 (1.04–3.82) |
|
p-trendc |
|
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
Ethanol intake |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-drinkers |
11 |
10,761 |
10.2 |
0.94 (0.47–1.89) |
0.95 (0.47–1.90) |
| 0.1–9.9 g/week |
29 |
26,574 |
10.9 |
1 (reference) |
1 (reference) |
| 10.0–24.9 g/week |
56 |
48,660 |
11.5 |
1.10 (0.70–1.72) |
1.04 (0.66–1.64) |
| 25.0–99.9 g/week |
56 |
34,858 |
16.1 |
1.57 (1.00–2.46) |
1.44 (0.91–2.29) |
| ≥100.0 g/week |
33 |
16,334 |
20.2 |
2.07 (1.26–3.42) |
1.90 (1.13–3.18) |
| Continuous, per 1 SD (90 g/week)c |
|
|
|
|
1.12 (1.00–1.25) |
|
Follow-up from 1993 through 2008 | |||||
|
Frequency |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-drinkers |
7 |
9,676 |
7.2 |
1.32 (0.52–3.30) |
1.34 (0.53–3.36) |
| A few times per year |
13 |
23,282 |
5.6 |
1 (reference) |
1 (reference) |
| 1–4 times per month |
79 |
86,369 |
9.2 |
1.88 (1.04–3.39) |
1.81 (1.00–3.29) |
| 2–7 times per week |
11 |
5,917 |
18.6 |
3.95 (1.76–8.84) |
3.99 (1.75–9.11) |
|
p-trendc |
|
|
|
|
0.007 |
|
Ethanol intake |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-drinkers |
7 |
9,676 |
7.2 |
1.20 (0.49–2.95) |
1.23 (0.50–3.01) |
| 0.1–9.9 g/week |
15 |
24,707 |
6.1 |
1 (reference) |
1 (reference) |
| 10.0–24.9 g/week |
32 |
44,576 |
7.2 |
1.32 (0.71–2.44) |
1.29 (0.69–2.39) |
| 25.0–99.9 g/week |
36 |
31,626 |
11.4 |
2.13 (1.16–3.88) |
2.06 (1.11–3.81) |
| ≥100.0 g/week |
20 |
14,658 |
13.6 |
2.74 (1.40–5.36) |
2.74 (1.37–5.49) |
| Continuous, per 1 SD (90 g/week)c | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | ||||
aStratified by study. Age was used as the underlying time metric for all analyses.
bStratified by study and adjusted for smoking (never, former, ≤10 cig/day, 11–19 cig/day, ≥20 cig/day); education (primary, unfinished secondary, secondary, higher); BMI. Age was used as the underlying time metric for all analyses.
cTest for trend was carried out after exclusion of non-drinkers.