Table 1.
Cortisol, total protein and immunoglobulin concentrations of sows on gestation days −5, 24, 66 and 108
| |
|
Time |
|
P-values |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet | GD − 5 | GD24 | GD66 | GD108 | SE | Diet | Time | Diet × Time | |
| Cortisol |
Adequate |
64.8a |
63.3a |
86.8 |
95.8b |
6.9 |
|
|
|
| (nmol/L) |
Low |
51.4a |
65.4a |
72.4a |
101.9A,b |
6.4 |
0.009 |
< 0.001 |
0.249 |
| |
High |
52.5 |
50.0 |
62.3 |
73.9B |
6.8 |
|
|
|
| Total protein |
Adequate |
77.7 |
75.1 |
79.2 |
76.6A |
1.3 |
|
|
|
| (mg/mL) |
Low |
79.3a |
75.1a |
77.0a |
68.8B,b |
1.3 |
0.082 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
| |
High |
79.5 |
75.1a |
80.4b |
78.5A |
1.4 |
|
|
|
| IgG (mg/mL) |
Adequate |
15.9 |
12.9a |
17.1b |
14.4 |
0.8 |
|
|
|
| |
Low |
14.4 |
13.5a |
17.7b |
16.4 |
0.7 |
0.697 |
< 0.001 |
0.241 |
| |
High |
14.9 |
13.2a |
17.6b |
16.8 |
0.8 |
|
|
|
| IgM (mg/mL) |
Adequate |
6.10 |
5.26a |
7.70b |
7.22 |
0.62 |
|
|
|
| |
Low |
6.42 |
6.10a |
8.01b |
7.54 |
0.58 |
0.519 |
< 0.001 |
0.481 |
| |
High |
6.44 |
6.89a |
8.48b |
7.98 |
0.64 |
|
|
|
| IgA (mg/mL) |
Adequate |
1.15a |
0.63b |
0.83 |
1.03 |
0.12 |
|
|
|
| |
Low |
1.21a |
0.85b |
1.11 |
1.10 |
0.12 |
0.517 |
< 0.001 |
0.012 |
| High | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.93 | 1.06 | 0.13 | ||||
GD, gestation day.
Sows were fed diets with adequate (12.1%, n = 13), low (6.5%, n = 15) and high (30%, n = 14) protein levels throughout gestation.
Data are expressed as least-squares means (LS-means) ± standard errors (SE).
P values for effects of diet, time and diet × time interaction.
A,BWithin parameter and time, LS-means with unlike capital superscript letters were significantly different between diets (P < 0.05; Tukey-Kramer test).
a,bWithin a row, LS-means with unlike lower case superscript letters were significantly different between times (P < 0.05; Tukey-Kramer test).