Table 3.
Demographic, clinical and comorbid factors contribution to cost of care
| Adjusted%change in costs over 12 months post-index date: All Patients (Accounting for loss to follow-up, costs recorded as zero post death) | Adjusted change in costs over 12 months post-index date: Survivors (Includes patients who did not die; Accounting for loss to follow-up) | Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) of death over 12 months post-index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Demographics | |||||||
| Age (years) |
|
estimate |
CI |
estimate |
CI |
HR |
CI |
| |
20-59 |
81.70% |
(43.8% to 119.7%) |
24.62% |
(4.04% to 45.20%) |
0.38 |
(0.27 to 0.53) |
| |
60-64 |
85.60% |
(44.8% to 126.3%) |
31.74% |
(9.90% to 53.58%) |
0.37 |
(0.25 to 0.55) |
| |
65-69 |
95.40% |
(55.5% to 135.3%) |
38.45% |
(16.91% to 59.98%) |
0.38 |
(0.26 to 0.54) |
| |
70-74 |
75.80% |
(41.9% to 109.7%) |
30.56% |
(11.53% to 49.60%) |
0.48 |
(0.36 to 0.64) |
| |
75-79 |
69.60% |
(38.4% to 100.8%) |
30.10% |
(12.24% to 47.96%) |
0.54 |
(0.42 to 0.71) |
| |
80-84 |
24.90% |
(0.4% to 49.4%) |
19.94% |
(2.96% to 26.93%) |
0.81 |
(0.64 to 1.02) |
| |
85 years and over (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gender | |||||||
| |
male (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Female |
−14.80% |
(−24.0% to −5.6%) |
−12.74% |
(20.21% to −5.27%) |
1.09 |
(0.92 to 1.30) |
| Race | |||||||
| |
white (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
non-white |
−0.10% |
(−22.1% to 21.9%) |
3.48% |
(−14.58% to 21.54%) |
1.33 |
(0.90 to 1.97) |
|
Clinical findings and measurements | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
| |
<25 |
−11.00% |
(−26.7% to 4.6%) |
13.16% |
(−2.11% to 28.43%) |
1.78 |
(1.31 to 2.42) |
| |
25-34 |
−0.40% |
(−13.4% to 12.6%) |
4.52% |
(−6.61% to 15.66%) |
1.24 |
(0.94 to 1.63) |
| |
>=35 (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smoking Status | |||||||
| |
current smoker |
−24.80% |
(−37.9% to −11.8%) |
−21.58% |
(−32.74% to −10.41%) |
1.28 |
(0.96 to 1.70) |
| |
never or former smoker (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Systolic blood pressure (mm/hg) | |||||||
| |
<120 |
−8.00% |
(−20.3% to4.3%) |
4.29% |
(−6.38% to 14.97%) |
1.41 |
(1.14 to 1.74) |
| |
120-140 |
−10.10% |
(−20.5% to 0.2%) |
−2.40% |
(−11.08% to 6.29%) |
1.26 |
(1.03 to 1.55) |
| |
>140 (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hemoglobin | |||||||
| |
<11gm/dl |
−20.10% |
(−36.7% to −3.6%) |
33.27% |
(14.18% to 52.37%) |
2.08 |
(1.70 to 2.53) |
| |
>= 11gm/dl (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Renal function* (ml/min/1.73m2) | |||||||
| |
>=60 |
24.60% |
(−10.1% to 59.4%) |
−44.73% |
(−54.85% to −34.61%) |
0.35 |
(0.27 to 0.45) |
| |
45-60 |
38.10% |
(−1.6% to 77.8%) |
−36.75% |
(−48.68% to −24.81%) |
0.40 |
(0.30 to 0.52) |
| |
30-45 |
24.70% |
(−12.8% to 62.1%) |
−31.49% |
(−44.97% to −18.01%) |
0.57 |
(0.44 to 0.74) |
| |
<30 (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ejection fraction on echocardiogram(%) | |||||||
| |
>65 |
52.70% |
(1.5% to 103.4%) |
−3.00% |
(−26.81% to 20.81%) |
0.43 |
(0.29 to 0.64) |
| |
51-65 |
50.70% |
(7.1% to 94.3%) |
−15.37% |
(−33.47% to 2.74%) |
0.36 |
(0.27 to 0.49) |
| |
41-50 |
44.70% |
(0.3% to 89.0%) |
−14.80% |
(−34.20% to 4.60%) |
0.39 |
(0.27 to 0.56) |
| |
31-40 |
47.10% |
(2.1% to 92.0%) |
−16.09% |
(−35.00% to 2.82%) |
0.37 |
(0.26 to 0.53) |
| |
21-30 |
50.50% |
(4.3% to 96.8%) |
−5.38% |
(−26.83% to 16.07%) |
0.44 |
(0.31 to 0.64) |
| |
1-20 (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Posterior wall thickness on echocardiogram (mm) | |||||||
| |
<11 |
9.70% |
(−2.0% to 21.4%) |
9.83% |
(69.90% to 18.96%) |
1.10 |
(0.92 to 1.30) |
| |
>=11 (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comorbid diagnoses | |||||||
| Atrial fibrillation |
yes |
15.30% |
(3.1% to 27.6%) |
26.75% |
(16.72% to 36.79%) |
1.08 |
(0.91 to 1.27) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Aortic valvular disease |
yes |
0.40% |
(−10.5% to 11.3%) |
9.25% |
(35.73% to 18.14%) |
1.22 |
(1.03 to 1.44) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Coronary artery disease |
yes |
13.90% |
(1.9% to 26.0%) |
19.86% |
(10.19% to 29.53%) |
1.09 |
(0.91 to 1.31) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chronic lung disease |
yes |
29.20% |
(16.3% to 42.0%) |
44.95% |
(33.82% to 56.08%) |
1.25 |
(1.06 to 1.47) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Depression |
yes |
36.20% |
(18.6% to 53.8%) |
64.00% |
(48.85% to 79.16%) |
1.31 |
(1.08 to 1.58) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diabetes |
yes |
37.80% |
(22.5% to 53.0%) |
64.82% |
(51.37% to 78.26%) |
1.38 |
(1.16 to 1.65) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hypothyroidism |
yes |
1.40% |
(−13.1% to 15.8%) |
21.20% |
(9.36% to 33.05%) |
1.25 |
(1.02 to 1.52) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hyperlipidemia |
yes |
21.40% |
(8.4% to 34.4%) |
14.35% |
(5.11% to 23.60%) |
0.87 |
(0.73 to 1.04) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Peripheral vascular disease |
yes |
13.20% |
(−4.0% to 30.3%) |
37.31% |
(23.46% to 51.16%) |
1.33 |
(1.10 to 1.62) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Stroke |
yes |
−0.80% |
(−19.0% to 17.4%) |
19.08% |
(4.99% to 33.16%) |
1.37 |
(1.10 to 1.71) |
| |
no (reference) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Transient ischemic attack |
yes |
18.00% |
(−5.4% to 41.5%) |
4.44% |
(−11.27% to 20.16%) |
0.84 |
(0.63 to 1.14) |
| no (reference) | |||||||