Table 2. Study Population Characteristics and Risk Factors for Colonization with ESBL-Producing Bacteria.
| Total | ESBL+ | ESBL- | P-value | ||
| n = 408 (%) | n = 133 (%) | n = 275 (%) | |||
| Gender (male) | 240 (58.8) | 76 (57.1) | 164 (59.6) | 0.63 | |
| Mean age (years) | 1.70 | 1.69 | 1.71 | 0.86 | |
| Mean weight (kg) | 9.46 | 9.52 | 9.43 | 0.78 | |
| MUAC 1 | |||||
| <115 mm | 14 (3.4) | 4 (3.0) | 10 (3.6) | 0.152 | |
| 115-<125 mm | 29 (7.1) | 12 (9.0) | 17 (6.2) | ||
| 125-<135 mm | 50 (12.3) | 20 (15.0) | 30 (10.9) | ||
| ≥135 | 253 (62.0) | 75 (56.4) | 178 (64.7) | ||
| Data missing | 62 (15.2) | 22 (16.5) | 40 (14.5) | ||
| Breastfeeding 3 | |||||
| Breastfed (all children) | 189 (46.3) | 55 (41.4) | 134 (48.7) | 0.19 | |
| Not breastfed (all children) | 210 (51.5) | 74 (55.6) | 136 (49.5) | ||
| Breastfed (children <1 year of age) | 113 (27.7) | 36 (27.1) | 77 (28.0) | 0.15 | |
| Not breastfed (children <1 year of age) | 9 (2.2) | 5 (3.8) | 4 (1.5) | ||
| Data missing | 9 (2.2) | 4 (3.0) | 5 (1.8) | ||
| Bedsharing 4 | |||||
| Yes | 51 (12.5) | 23 (17.3) | 28 (10.2) | 0.04 | |
| No | 351 (86.0) | 107 (80.5) | 244 (88.7) | ||
| Data missing | 6 (1.5) | 3 (2.3) | 3 (1.1) | ||
| Children in household 5 | |||||
| ≥2 | 143 (35.1) | 47 (35.3) | 96 (34.9) | 0.91 | |
| 1 | 260 (63.7) | 84 (63.2) | 176 (64.0) | ||
| Data missing | 5 (1.2) | 2 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) | ||
| Started antibiotic treatment 6 | |||||
| Antibiotic | 61 (15.0) | 25 (18.8) | 36 (13.1) | 0.14 | |
| No antibiotic | 344 (84.3) | 108 (81.2) | 236 (85.8) | ||
| Data missing | 3 (0.7) | 3 (1.1) | |||
| Antibiotic last month 7 | |||||
| No antibiotic | 363 (89.0) | 113 (85.0) | 250 (90.9) | 0.07 | |
| Antibiotic | 10 (2.5) | 6 (4.5) | 4 (1.5) | ||
| Data missing | 35 (8.6) | 14 (10.5) | 21 (7.6) | ||
| Hospitalization last month 8 | |||||
| Hospitalized | 6 (1.5) | 3 (2.3) | 3 (1.1) | 0.40 | |
| Not hospitalized | 352 (86.3) | 116 (87.2) | 236 (85.8) | ||
| Data missing | 50 (12.3) | 14 (10.5) | 36 (13.1) | ||
1
Mid-upper arm circumference at time of enrolment examined on children ≥6 months of age.
2
Test for linear trend.
3
Child breastfed at time of enrolment.
4
Bedsharing with another child <5 years of age.
5
Number of children <5 years of age living in the same household.
6
Antibiotic treatment initiated prior to presentation at emergency ward.
7
Reported antibiotic usage during the month prior to study enrolment (excluding antibiotic usage for current disease).
8
Child hospitalized ≥1 day during the month prior to enrolment.