Figure 1.

State-dependent spontaneous activity across cortical layers under anesthesia. (A) Spontaneous shift of cortical states. The spectrogram (top) was computed from local-field potentials (LFPs) in the auditory cortex without auditory stimuli. Log-power was color-coded. The bottom panel shows a history of total LFP power at 0–7 Hz. (B) Multiunit activity (MUA) across cortical layers and LFPs during the desynchronized and synchronized state, with a schematic drawing of a 32 site linear electrode. LFP was taken from channel 16, likely located in infragranular layers. (C) Modulation index of spontaneous population activity in putative L2/3 (0–500 μm from cortical surface) and L5 (800–1100 μm). ^**p < 0.005 (t-test).