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Model of the interaction between Sec12 and Sar1. One face of Sec12 is populated by conserved residues (purple), which interact with Sar1-GDP. The K loop helps to dislodge GDP from Sar1, perhaps by clashing with its P loop; this activity is enhanced by bound potassium (orange), which stabilizes the K loop. Following activation, Sar1 binds stably to the ER membrane and initiates COPII vesicle budding.
