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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Bioessays. 2011 Nov 7;34(1):26–35. doi: 10.1002/bies.201100099

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Phylogeny showing the distribution of menstruation in placental mammals and the inferred states of ancestral lineages. Menstruating species/lineages are colored in pink, non-menstruating species/lineages in black. Species in which the character state is not known are not colored, and lineages of equivocal state are represented with black lines. Monodelphis represents the outgroup. Inference of ancestral states was performed in MacClade 4 by the parsimony method [55]. Note that there is strong evidence for three independent originations of menstruation among placental mammals.