Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants by Protocol Assignment
| Intervention Group |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Hygiene Education Only N =75 |
Education + Mupirocin N =75 |
Education + Mupirocin + Chlorhexidine N =75 |
Education + Mupirocin + Bleach Baths N =75 |
P |
| Age, mean (±SD), years | 17.37 | 16.52 | 18.19 | 18.67 | 0.92 |
| (16.57) | (16.12) | (17.37) | (15.29) | ||
| Male sex | 41 (55) | 38 (51) | 23 (31) | 37 (49) | 0.02 |
| Non-white race | 56 (75) | 48 (64) | 57 (76) | 52 (69) | 0.35 |
| Health insurance status: | 0.72 | ||||
| Private | 22 (29) | 26 (35) | 23 (31) | 29 (39) | |
| Public | 40 (53) | 41 (55) | 38 (51) | 33 (45) | |
| None | 13 (17) | 8 (11) | 13 (18) | 12 (16) | |
| Colonization: | |||||
| MRSA only | 42 (56) | 39 (52) | 44 (59) | 50 (67) | 0.31 |
| MSSA only | 25 (33) | 28 (37) | 23 (31) | 20 (27) | 0.56 |
| Both MRSA & MSSA | 8 (11) | 8 (11) | 8 (11) | 5 (7) | 0.79 |
| Baseline sites of colonization:a | |||||
| Anteriornares | 52 (69) | 51 (68) | 49 (65) | 54 (72) | 0.85 |
| Axilla | 19 (25) | 27 (36) | 22 (29) | 23 (31) | 0.56 |
| Inguinal folds | 58 (77) | 50 (67) | 59 (79) | 56 (75) | 0.33 |
| Baseline # of sites colonized: | |||||
| 1 site | 35 (47) | 33 (44) | 34 (45) | 33 (44) | 0.98 |
| 2 sites | 26 (35) | 31 (41) | 27 (36) | 26 (35) | 0.81 |
| 3 sites | 14 (19) | 11 (15) | 14 (19) | 16 (21) | 0.77 |
| Prescribed systemic | 64 (85) | 68 (91) | 69 (92) | 68 (91) | 0.55 |
| antibiotic(s) at time of | |||||
| acute SSTI | |||||
| Colonized and/or infected with | 3 (4) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.56 |
| a mupirocin-resistant | |||||
| S aureus strain | |||||
| Time from screening to | 17 (15) | 17 (15) | 16 (13) | 16 (15) | 0.93 |
| enrollment, median days (IQR) | |||||
| Comorbidity: | 49 (65) | 46 (61) | 50 (67) | 48 (64) | 0.92 |
| Asthma | 26 (35) | 14 (19) | 13 (17) | 16 (21) | 0.04 |
| Eczema | 28 (37) | 15 (20) | 32 (43) | 19 (25) | 0.01 |
| Allergies | 10 (13) | 13 (17) | 17 (23) | 24 (32) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 5 (7) | 4 (5) | 9 (12) | 7 (9) | 0.46 |
| HIV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.01 |
| Takes a prescription | 30 (40) | 24 (32) | 23 (32) | 31 (41) | 0.43 |
| medication daily | |||||
| Has taken antibiotics in past | 40 (54) | 42 (58) | 45 (65) | 41 (56) | 0.59 |
| year | |||||
| Surgery in past year | 5 (7) | 6 (8) | 14 (19) | 6 (8) | 0.05 |
| Emergency department or | |||||
| urgent care visit in past year | 30 (40) | 27 (36) | 27 (36) | 36 (48) | 0.39 |
| Contact with healthcareb | 20 (27) | 21 (28) | 18 (24) | 20 (27) | 0.95 |
| Prior SSTI in past year: index | 31 (42) | 36 (48) | 36 (49) | 40 (53) | 0.58 |
| case | |||||
| Prior SSTI in past year: | 33 (45) | 27 (36) | 35 (47) | 24 (32) | 0.24 |
| household member | |||||
| Permanent home | 65 (87) | 69 (92) | 68 (91) | 67 (89) | 0.74 |
| Crowded home (>2 people per bedroom) | 7 (9) | 8 (11) | 7 (9) | 13 (17) | 0.36 |
| Sports participation | 19 (25) | 18 (24) | 11 (15) | 18 (24) | 0.36 |
| Pet in household | 28 (37) | 29 (39) | 26 (35) | 26 (35) | 0.94 |
NOTE. Data are no. (%) of participants, unless otherwise indicated. P values are for comparisons across all four randomization groups. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive S. aureus; IQR, inter-quartile range; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SSTI, skin or soft tissue infection.
a
Participants may have been colonized at more than 1 body site.
b
Participant works in a healthcare facility or lives with someone working in a healthcare facility.