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. 2012 Dec 14;4(12):1517–1534. doi: 10.3390/toxins4121517

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Verotoxin-1 A subunit protects PHA/IL-2 activated PBMCs against HIV-1IIIB infection. PBMCs were treated with VT1 (1 µg/mL), VT1A (1, 0.1, 0.01 µg/mL) or VT1B (1 µg/mL) during PHA/IL2 activation. HIV-1IIIB infection was conducted 4 days post activation (m.o.i. = 0.3, n = 4). (a) Viral production was measured by p24gag ELISA for day 3, 5 and 7 of infection. Asterisks indicate statistical significance compared to control (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.03); (b) Viral production over time. All viral production values were normalized by cell count; (c) Viable cell count over time by Trypan blue exclusion. (▼ = control, ♦ = 1 µg/mL VT1, ■ = 1 µg/mLVT1A, ▲ = 0.1 µg/mL VT1A, □ = 0.01 µg/mL VT1A, ● = 1 µg/mL VT1B). A subunit was as effective as holotoxin to induce HIV resistance.