Figure 3.

RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway regulating hMPV-induced NF-κB and IRF activation in airway epithelial cells. Production of specific RNA moieties during viral replication leads to activation of the RIG-I-MAVs pathway, which subsequent activation of the IKK complex, which is upstream NF-κB activation, and of the TBK1/IKKβ complex, which regulates IRF-3 activation, leading to proinflammatory/immune gene expression. P indicates phosphorylation; ? indicates the unknown kinase that phosphorylates NF-кB in response to hMPV infection.