Table 1.

Summary of associations between EBV and SLE, RA and MS.

	SLE	RA	MS	References
Increased EBV seroprevalence	+	–	+	[11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20], [36], [39]
Elevated serum titers of anti-EBV antibodies	+	+	+	[14], [15], [21,22,23,24,25,26,27], [35,36,37]
Elevation of antibodies predates symptoms	+	–	+	[24,25,26,27], [38]
Association with infectious mononucleosis	–	–	+	[52,53,54,55,56]
Aberrant systemic T-cell response against EBV	+	+	+	[37], [48], [57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70]
Increased local T-cell response against EBV	N/A	+	+	[49], [71,72,73,74]
Increased EBV viral load in blood	+	+	+/–	[28], [31], [37], [58], [60], [70], [78,79,80,81,82,83], [85,86,87]
Virus detected in diseased organ	N/A	+/–	+/–	[81], [88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105], [107]