Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Participants
| Latin American n = 31 |
Japanese American n = 36 |
European American n= 44 |
Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child | ||||
| Gender (girls:boys) |
13:18 | 18:18 | 22:22 | χ2 (2, N = 111) = 0.58, ns |
| Agea (months) |
20.43 (0.70) |
20.16 (0.58) |
20.13 (0.20) |
F (2, 107) = 3.65, p < .05 |
| Mother | ||||
| Age | 33.34 (4.94) |
33.22 (4.06) |
34.41 (4.79) |
F (2, 108) = 0.82, ns |
| Education b | 5.97 (0.81) |
5.64 (0.80) |
6.20 (0.63) |
F (2, 107) = 5.81, p < .01 |
| Hours of work per weekc |
31.08 (15.26) |
29.23 (19.38) |
26.13 (12.98) |
F (2, 71) = 0.77, ns |
Notes. M (SD) unless otherwise specified. Sample sizes for some analyses are smaller due to missing data.
a
Latin American children were older than European American children.
b
Because differences exist between countries in the duration, quality, and content of schooling, bicultural researchers adjusted mothers’ years of schooling so that the scales were equivalent to the 7-point Hollingshead (1975) index. European American mothers had more years of schooling than Japanese American mothers.
c
Only working mothers were included in this analysis.