Table 2.

Normalised gene expression levels of clock genes differentially expressed according to the metabolic syndrome and its interaction with the menopausal status

Gene name	No metabolic syndrome (n = 5)			Metabolic syndrome (n = 9)			Pinteraction (ANOVA)	Pcorrected* (ANOVA)
	Pre-menopausal	Post-menopausal	P values	Pre-menopausal	Post-menopausal	P values
Bmal1	1.95 ± 0.47	1.22 ± 0.21	0.186	1.10 ± 0.16	0.76 ± 0.12	0.115	0.700	0.642
Csnk1d	0.81 ± 0.05	0.85 ± 0.09	0.888	1.12 ±0.08	1.03 ± 0.07	0.493	0.614	0.555
Mat2a	0.48 ± 0.01	0.87 ± 0.09	0.012	1.21 ± 0.17	0.87 ± 0.06	0.164	0.012	0.026
Opn3	0.91 ± 0.12	0.70 ± 0.06	0.143	1.63 ± 0.37	1.36 ± 0.29	0.613	0.775	0.993
Per1	0.33 ± 0.01	1.27 ± 0.06	<0.001	1.04 ± 0.15	0.98 ± 0.10	0.983	0.002	0.009
Per2	0.60 ± 0.05	0.97 ± 0.06	0.011	0.97 ± 0.09	1.21 ± 0.15	0.147	0.013	0.007
Rara	0.82 ± 0.03	0.94 ± 0.04	0.086	1.05 ± 0.03	1.00 ± 0.05	0.430	0.095	0.159

Data are mean ± SD. P_corrected was calculated using age as a covariate in the ANOVA test to exclude possible bias due to this variable. Significant differences (P < 0.05) are shown in italic (Student’s t test)

Bmal1 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like, Csnk1d casein kinase 1δ, Mat2a methionine adenosyltransferase II, Myc v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian), Opn3 Opsin 3, Per2 period 2, Per3 period 3, Rara retinoic acid receptor-α

*P value was calculated by a two-way ANOVA analysis