Table 3.
Robustness analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests on urban–rural PvPR value pairs derived from various spatial and temporal limits
| Region |
100 km 5 years |
100 km 2 years |
50 km 5 years |
50 km 2 years |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z | P-value | Z | P-value | Z | P-value | Z | P-value | |
| Africa+ |
−5.670 |
<0.001*** |
−5.623 |
<0.001*** |
−5.644 |
<0.001*** |
−5.397 |
<0.001*** |
| Americas |
2.307 |
0.021** |
1.680 |
0.094* |
0.486 |
0.631 |
0.730 |
0.471 |
| Asia+ |
−11.194 |
<0.001*** |
−11.065 |
<0.001*** |
−9.080 |
<0.001*** |
−9.005 |
<0.001*** |
| World |
−11.732 |
<0.001*** |
−11.555 |
<0.001*** |
−10.052 |
<0.001*** |
−9.757 |
<0.001*** |
| No. pairs |
1,189 |
1,106 |
1,156 |
1,106 |
||||
| Mean No. R |
49.653 |
42.287 |
31.813 |
27.061 |
||||
| Overlap rate | 6.752 | 5.349 | 4.206 | 3.423 | ||||
Africa+ =Africa, Saudi Arabia and Yemen; Asia+ =Central and South East Asia; Mean No. R = Mean number of rural surveys for each urban–rural pair; Overlap rate = Σ number of rural surveys paired to each urban survey/total number of rural surveys (*** = P < 0.01, ** = P < 0.05, * = P < 0.1).