Table 4.

Follow-up after abnormal PSA values

Reference number	Country	PSA Cut off (ng/ml)	Referral (%)	Repeat test (%)	No action (%)	PSA > 10 referral (%)
Database studies
[14]	USA	PSA ≥ 4	51.9		48
		Age-specific cut off:	58		42
		6.5 (≥ 75 yr)
[24]	Spain	PSA ≥ 4	31		69
[21]	USA	PSA ≥ 4	86	56.1		100
Survey studies
[23]	UK	PSA ≥ 3	18.2	15.7	67	82.7
		PSA ≥ 4	30
		Mean (calculated)	28.6			71.4
		50–59 yr: 6.2
		70–84 yr: 13
[18]	France	NS	10.5
[26]	UK	Median (calculated)
		45 yr: 4.5
		55 yr: 5.5
		65 yr: 6.5
		75 yr: 6.5
		85 yr: 7.5
[7]	Denmark	mean 5 (calculated)
[6]	Ireland	median 5.4 (calculated)		55
[15]*	UK	NS				28
[19]	USA	NS	33			93
[22]	UK	PSA > 4	85.8
		GPs	78.4
		General surgeons	85.3
		Geriatricians	100
		FHSA
[17]	Japan	PSA > 4	73			20
[16]	USA	PSA 4-10	Age specific:
			50–59 years: 69
			60–69 years: 67
			70–74 years: 58
			75–79 years: 52
			≥ 80 years: 45
[20]	USA	NS	Most doctors refer with PSA 4-10			13
[25]	USA	PSA > 4	67.8

Abbreviations: yr year; NS Not Specified; GP General Practitioner; FHSA Family Health Service Advisor.

* abstract only.