Table 6. Selected substances and signals differing between categories of ethnic background at visits V1 through V3.
| Median concentration (IQR) [mM/mM Creatinine] | ANOVA | ||||
| Visit | Compound | West | South Asia | All Others | p-value |
| V1 | Formate | 0.03 (0.024–0.04) | 0.04 (0.028–0.059) | 0.043 (0.029–0.061) | 2e-9 |
| Alanine | 0.034 (0.027–0.047) | 0.045 (0.032–0.065) | 0.044 (0.031–0.058) | 5e-8 | |
| 3-Hydroxyisovalerate | 0.008 (0.0062–0.011) | 0.01 (0.0075–0.013) | 0.01 (0.0079–0.013) | 2e-8 | |
| 1,6-Anhydroglucose | 0.0035 (0.002–0.009) | 0.003 (0.002–0.006) | 0.002 (0.001–0.004) | 6e-8 | |
| Lactate/Threoninex | 25 (17–34) | 34 (23–57) | 36 (23–55) | 4e-12 | |
| Unknown multiplet, 0.55 ppmx | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | 2.4 (1.9–3.1) | 2.5 (2–3.1) | 7e-9 | |
| V2 | Formate | 0.043 (0.034–0.058) | 0.061 (0.042–0.08) | 0.066 (0.046–0.094) | 1e-20 |
| Alanine | 0.059 (0.042–0.08) | 0.073 (0.051–0.093) | 0.069 (0.047–0.1) | 1e-5 | |
| 3-Hydroxyisovalerate | 0.0094 (0.008–0.012) | 0.012 (0.01–0.016) | 0.012 (0.01–0.015) | 3e-12 | |
| 1,6-Anhydroglucose | 0.006 (0.0032–0.012) | 0.004 (0.002–0.007) | 0.004 (0.002–0.007) | 8e-6 | |
| Lactate/Threoninex | 49 (36–70) | 64 (42–90) | 62 (43–93) | 3e-6 | |
| Unknown multiplet, 0.55 ppmx | 4.5 (3.9–5.4) | 5.4 (4.3–6.4) | 5.3 (4.4–6.6) | 5e-10 | |
| V3 | Formate | 0.013 (0.0093–0.019) | 0.02 (0.014–0.029) | 0.02 (0.013–0.029) | 2e-11 |
| Alanine | 0.016 (0.013–0.023) | 0.024 (0.019–0.031) | 0.022 (0.017–0.031) | 8e-14 | |
| 3-Hydroxyisovalerate | 0.0048 (0.003–0.007) | 0.006 (0.004–0.008) | 0.006 (0.004–0.008) | 3e-6 | |
| 1,6-Anhydroglucose | 0.0041 (0.0017–0.01) | 0.003 (0.001–0.006) | 0.003 (0.001–0.005) | 2e-6 | |
| Lactate/Threoninex | 6.9 (4.7–11) | 9.8 (7.3–14) | 11 (7.1–15) | 5e-11 | |
| Unknown multiplet, 0.55 ppmx | 1.5 (1.2–2) | 1.9 (1.4–2.3) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 5e-4 | |
x
Concentrations of the unidentified signal and the combined lactate and threonine variable in arbitrary units, but nonetheless normalized to creatinine.