Table 2. Summary data for the lianas of the Barro Colorado Island 50-ha plot located in central Panama.
| Family | Genus | Species | Stem density | Total BA (cm2 50 ha−1) | Percent clonality | Principal stem diameter similarity within clusters | Principal stem plus clone diameter similarity within clusters |
| Acanthaceae | Justicia | graciliflora | 9 | 9.81 | 0.00 | ||
| Acanthaceae | Mendoncia | gracilis | 815 | 4038.07 | 10.80 | − | − |
| Acanthaceae | Mendoncia | retusa | 167 | 488.76 | 5.39 | 0 | 0 |
| Apocynaceae | Forsteronia | acouci | 827 | 3005.21 | 19.11 | 0 | 0 |
| Apocynaceae | Forsteronia | myriantha | 264 | 725.90 | 13.26 | + | + |
| Apocynaceae | Liedea | filisepala | 7 | 10.15 | 0.00 | ||
| Apocynaceae | Odontadenia | macrantha | 30 | 65.39 | 30.00 | ||
| Apocynaceae | Odontadenia | puncticulosa | 64 | 383.48 | 20.31 | ||
| Apocynaceae | Prestonia | lenticellata | 20 | 33.20 | 10.00 | ||
| Apocynaceae | Prestonia | mexicana | 1 | 1.77 | 0.00 | ||
| Apocynaceae | Prestonia | portobellensis | 41 | 70.88 | 0.00 | ||
| Apocynaceae | Prestonia | quinquangularis | 6 | 6.79 | 0.00 | ||
| Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia | cordiflora | 379 | 714.20 | 7.12 | − | − |
| Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia | tonduzii | 14 | 35.80 | 0.00 | ||
| Asteraceae | Heterocondylus | vitalbae | 1 | 2.01 | 0.00 | ||
| Asteraceae | Mikania | hookeriana | 8 | 28.82 | 0.00 | ||
| Asteraceae | Mikania | leiostachya | 410 | 1038.99 | 16.34 | 0 | 0 |
| Asteraceae | Tilesia | baccata | 14 | 39.32 | 7.14 | ||
| Bignoniaceae | Amphilophium | paniculatum | 472 | 7433.52 | 32.20 | − | − |
| Bignoniaceae | Arrabidaea | candicans | 550 | 5948.63 | 48.18 | − | − |
| Bignoniaceae | Arrabidaea | chica | 174 | 1560.26 | 36.21 | + | + |
| Bignoniaceae | Arrabidaea | corallina | 453 | 3827.63 | 41.50 | 0 | 0 |
| Bignoniaceae | Arrabidaea | florida | 514 | 4015.92 | 33.66 | − | − |
| Bignoniaceae | Arrabidaea | patellifera | 622 | 5411.92 | 54.98 | − | − |
| Bignoniaceae | Arrabidaea | verrucosa | 1797 | 20241.99 | 55.76 | − | − |
| Bignoniaceae | Callichlamys | latifolia | 634 | 7281.50 | 29.50 | + | + |
| Bignoniaceae | Ceratophytum | tetragonolobum | 557 | 4175.31 | 31.24 | − | − |
| Bignoniaceae | Cydista | aequinoctialis | 588 | 7878.90 | 38.27 | + | 0 |
| Bignoniaceae | Cydista | heterophylla | 3 | 13.05 | 33.33 | ||
| Bignoniaceae | Macfadyena | unguis-cati | 122 | 1839.27 | 29.51 | 0 | 0 |
| Bignoniaceae | Mansoa | kerere | 43 | 218.56 | 13.95 | ||
| Bignoniaceae | Mansoa | verrucifera | 240 | 1081.12 | 42.08 | 0 | 0 |
| Bignoniaceae | Martinella | obovata | 36 | 286.65 | 25.00 | ||
| Bignoniaceae | Paragonia | pyramidata | 3571 | 26667.75 | 32.32 | 0 | 0 |
| Bignoniaceae | Phryganocydia | corymbosa | 671 | 3158.30 | 13.11 | + | + |
| Bignoniaceae | Pithecoctenium | crucigerum | 63 | 1195.48 | 14.29 | ||
| Bignoniaceae | Pleonotoma | variabilis | 1185 | 3219.52 | 26.16 | + | 0 |
| Bignoniaceae | Stizophyllum | inaquilaterum | 44 | 351.42 | 38.64 | ||
| Bignoniaceae | Stizophyllum | riparium | 303 | 1259.49 | 34.98 | − | − |
| Bignoniaceae | Tynnanthus | croatianus | 20 | 317.50 | 5.00 | ||
| Boraginaceae | Tournefortia | cuspidata | 4 | 19.68 | 25.00 | ||
| Boraginaceae | Tournefortia | hirsutissima | 6 | 50.93 | 16.67 | ||
| Cannabaceae | Celtis | iguanaea | 326 | 5376.42 | 62.88 | − | − |
| Celastraceae | Anthodon | panamense | 386 | 3764.83 | 34.20 | 0 | 0 |
| Celastraceae | Hippocratea | volubilis | 911 | 12312.43 | 30.95 | + | + |
| Celastraceae | Hylenaea | praecelsa | 149 | 990.65 | 51.01 | 0 | 0 |
| Celastraceae | Peritasa | pruinosa | 7 | 95.52 | 57.14 | ||
| Celastraceae | Prionostemma | asperum | 3213 | 42277.70 | 48.02 | + | + |
| Combretaceae | Combretum | decandrum | 586 | 5451.43 | 50.34 | − | − |
| Combretaceae | Combretum | fruticosum | 26 | 293.38 | 50.00 | ||
| Combretaceae | Combretum | laxum | 882 | 4580.05 | 40.59 | − | − |
| Connaraceae | Cnestidium | rufescens | 38 | 237.70 | 2.63 | ||
| Connaraceae | Connarus | panamensis | 51 | 260.37 | 5.88 | ||
| Connaraceae | Connarus | turczaninowii | 749 | 2562.89 | 4.01 | + | 0 |
| Connaraceae | Rourea | glabra | 53 | 313.00 | 5.66 | ||
| Convolvulaceae | Bonamia | trichanta | 27 | 42.90 | 11.11 | ||
| Convolvulaceae | Ipomea | phillomega | 2 | 4.31 | 0.00 | ||
| Convolvulaceae | Maripa | panamensis | 2961 | 25171.71 | 10.37 | − | − |
| Cucurbitaceae | Cayaponia | granatensis | 177 | 782.04 | 9.60 | 0 | 0 |
| Cucurbitaceae | Fevillea | cordifolia | 49 | 393.43 | 22.45 | ||
| Cucurbitaceae | Gurania | makoyana | 4 | 12.32 | 25.00 | ||
| Dilleniaceae | Davilla | nitida | 659 | 3104.73 | 34.75 | + | 0 |
| Dilleniaceae | Doliocarpus | dentatus | 216 | 1686.09 | 29.63 | − | − |
| Dilleniaceae | Doliocarpus | major | 2065 | 7208.50 | 22.03 | − | − |
| Dilleniaceae | Doliocarpus | multiflorus | 415 | 4990.93 | 28.92 | − | − |
| Dilleniaceae | Doliocarpus | olivaceus | 2936 | 9145.38 | 33.86 | + | + |
| Dilleniaceae | Tetracera | hydrophila | 272 | 1654.03 | 35.66 | + | 0 |
| Dilleniaceae | Tetracera | portobellensis | 74 | 472.42 | 29.73 | ||
| Dilleniaceae | Tetracera | volubilis | 11 | 36.23 | 45.45 | ||
| Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea | hondurensis | 3 | 3.60 | 0.00 | ||
| Euphorbiaceae | Delechampia | dioscoreifolia | 2 | 10.56 | 0.00 | ||
| Euphorbiaceae | Omphalea | diandra | 725 | 11376.52 | 48.97 | − | − |
| Fabaceae | Acacia | acanthopylla | 789 | 15734.28 | 56.27 | − | 0 |
| Fabaceae | Acacia | hayesii | 476 | 8612.64 | 53.15 | + | + |
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia | guianensis | 1 | 1075.21 | 0.00 | ||
| Fabaceae | Clitoria | javitensis | 454 | 2213.73 | 19.82 | 0 | 0 |
| Fabaceae | Dioclea | wilsonii | 11 | 108.88 | 0.00 | ||
| Fabaceae | Entada | gigas | 180 | 20107.56 | 42.78 | 0 | 0 |
| Fabaceae | Entada | polystachya | 8 | 696.93 | 16.67 | ||
| Fabaceae | Machaerium | floribundum | 133 | 737.35 | 22.56 | − | − |
| Fabaceae | Machaerium | isadelphum | 9 | 364.64 | 33.33 | ||
| Fabaceae | Machaerium | kegelii | 67 | 100.52 | 16.42 | ||
| Fabaceae | Machaerium | microphyllum | 22 | 289.65 | 4.55 | ||
| Fabaceae | Machaerium | milleflorum | 125 | 1948.48 | 43.20 | + | + |
| Fabaceae | Machaerium | pittieri | 438 | 3480.93 | 27.85 | 0 | 0 |
| Fabaceae | Machaerium | riparium | 89 | 1937.80 | 30.34 | ||
| Fabaceae | Machaerium | seemanii | 203 | 1677.15 | 16.75 | + | + |
| Fabaceae | Rhynchosia | erythrinoides | 282 | 823.58 | 4.61 | 0 | − |
| Gnetaceae | Gnetum | leyboldii | 52 | 330.44 | 3.85 | ||
| Lamiaceae | Aegiphila | cephalophora | 1464 | 11164.83 | 39.55 | + | 0 |
| Lamiaceae | Aegiphila | elata | 727 | 6224.36 | 23.93 | − | + |
| Loganiaceae | Strychnos | brachistantha | 127 | 1363.30 | 24.41 | 0 | 0 |
| Loganiaceae | Strychnos | darienensis | 10 | 29.12 | 0.00 | ||
| Loganiaceae | Strychnos | panamensis | 262 | 886.75 | 5.73 | 0 | − |
| Loganiaceae | Strychnos | toxifera | 55 | 216.54 | 18.18 | ||
| Malpighiaceae | Adelphia | hiraea | 1422 | 7683.91 | 15.89 | − | − |
| Malpighiaceae | Bronwenia | wurdackii | 28 | 396.09 | 60.71 | ||
| Malpighiaceae | Heteropteris | laurifolia | 227 | 1910.26 | 30.84 | 0 | 0 |
| Malpighiaceae | Hiraea | fagifolia | 145 | 998.80 | 29.66 | 0 | 0 |
| Malpighiaceae | Hiraea | faginea | 75 | 495.43 | 28.00 | ||
| Malpighiaceae | Hiraea | grandifolia | 876 | 4433.83 | 20.78 | 0 | − |
| Malpighiaceae | Hiraea | reclinata | 354 | 2957.93 | 28.81 | + | + |
| Malpighiaceae | Hiraea | smilacina | 3473 | 16871.07 | 18.37 | 0 | − |
| Malpighiaceae | Mascagnia | divaricata | 175 | 3204.84 | 12.00 | ||
| Malpighiaceae | Mascagnia | ovatifolia | 115 | 1871.38 | 7.83 | + | + |
| Malpighiaceae | Stigmaphyllon | lindenianum | 389 | 1814.05 | 13.62 | + | + |
| Malpighiaceae | Tetrapteris | discolor | 215 | 1237.16 | 12.56 | 0 | 0 |
| Malpighiaceae | Tetrapteris | goudotiana | 36 | 236.88 | 8.33 | ||
| Malpighiaceae | Tetrapteris | seemannii | 24 | 163.77 | 12.50 | ||
| Malpighiaceae | Tetrapteris | tinifolia | 19 | 128.48 | 15.79 | ||
| Malvaceae | Byttneria | aculeata | 59 | 305.62 | 30.51 | ||
| Melastomataceae | Adelobotrys | adscendens | 4 | 11.66 | 0.00 | ||
| Menispermaceae | Abuta | racemosa | 600 | 4889.36 | 15.50 | 0 | 0 |
| Menispermaceae | Chondodendron | tomentosum | 81 | 608.94 | 8.64 | 0 | 0 |
| Nyctaginaceae | Pisonia | aculeata | 116 | 2416.09 | 32.76 | 0 | − |
| Palmae | Desmoncus | orthacanthos | 4 | 6.50 | 25.00 | ||
| Passifloriaceae | Passiflora | ambigua | 18 | 69.30 | 16.67 | ||
| Passifloriaceae | Passiflora | auriculata | 128 | 309.41 | 7.81 | 0 | 0 |
| Passifloriaceae | Passiflora | nitida | 5 | 30.39 | 0.00 | ||
| Passifloriaceae | Passiflora | vitifolia | 44 | 80.74 | 4.55 | ||
| Phytolaccaceae | Trichostigma | octandrum | 5 | 105.83 | 40.00 | ||
| Piperaceae | Piper | multiplinervium | 226 | 1093.12 | 44.69 | + | + |
| Polygalaceae | Securidaca | diversifolia | 9 | 77.43 | 33.33 | ||
| Polygonaceae | Coccoloba | excelsa | 7976 | 27840.21 | 46.33 | − | − |
| Rhamnaceae | Gouania | colombiana | 266 | 1117.36 | 32.71 | − | − |
| Rubiaceae | Chiococca | alba | 13 | 182.96 | 30.77 | ||
| Rubiaceae | Chomelia | psilocarpa | 75 | 668.74 | 54.67 | ||
| Rubiaceae | Uncaria | tomentosa | 206 | 8983.56 | 53.88 | 0 | 0 |
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | baileyi | 530 | 825.76 | 4.15 | 0 | 0 |
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | bracteosa | 504 | 1028.05 | 9.52 | + | 0 |
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | fibrigera | 1216 | 7443.32 | 26.73 | + | + |
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | fuscescens | 61 | 383.81 | 32.79 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | glabrata | 57 | 481.28 | 19.30 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | glomerulosa | 10 | 9.94 | 0.00 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | mallophylla | 115 | 345.21 | 6.96 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | pinnata | 2 | 3.55 | 0.00 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | pterocarpa | 454 | 908.63 | 4.19 | 0 | 0 |
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | rugosa | 400 | 1352.07 | 16.75 | 0 | 0 |
| Sapindaceae | Paullinia | turbacensis | 365 | 623.99 | 1.92 | 0 | 0 |
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | atrolineata | 7 | 56.06 | 85.71 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | circumvallata | 264 | 1680.83 | 11.74 | − | − |
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | cornigera | 1 | 1.77 | 0.00 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | membranacea | 15 | 119.82 | 40.00 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | mexicana | 847 | 2661.30 | 43.80 | − | − |
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | paucidentata | 1 | 24.63 | 0.00 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | pluvialiflorens | 41 | 249.71 | 21.95 | 0 | 0 |
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | pyramidata | 55 | 289.95 | 29.09 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | rhombea | 12 | 21.65 | 0.00 | ||
| Sapindaceae | Serjania | trachygona | 77 | 113.78 | 11.69 | 0 | 0 |
| Sapindaceae | Thinouia | myriantha | 1398 | 18046.93 | 36.55 | + | 0 |
| Smilacaceae | Smilax | domingensis | 10 | 15.74 | 50.00 | ||
| Smilacaceae | Smilax | febrifuga | 71 | 116.29 | 26.76 | ||
| Smilacaceae | Smilax | spinosa | 17 | 40.97 | 17.65 | ||
| Smilacaceae | Smilax | spissa | 1 | 0.79 | 0.00 | ||
| Smilacaceae | Smilax | spp. | 27 | 252.47 | 3.70 | ||
| Solanaceae | Solanum | aturense | 53 | 247.73 | 15.09 | ||
| Solanaceae | Solanum | lanceifolium | 46 | 185.33 | 10.87 | ||
| Trigoniaceae | Trigonia | rugosa | 6 | 28.73 | 16.67 | ||
| Urticaceae | Urera | lianoides | 95 | 263.10 | 23.16 | 0 | 0 |
| Verbenaceae | Petrea | volubilis | 2614 | 9424.56 | 11.74 | + | + |
| Vitaceae | Cissus | erosa | 26 | 589.21 | 3.85 | ||
| Vitaceae | Cissus | microcarpa | 67 | 802.99 | 13.43 | ||
| Vitaceae | Vitis | tiliifolia | 49 | 618.07 | 38.78 | ||
| Unidentified | 817 | 6706.20 | 15.69 |
For each of the 162 species, we list the density of all rooted stems (principal stems plus clones), the total liana basal area (principal stems plus clones plus branches) the percentage of observed clonal stems, and diameter similarity within clusters of principal stems and all rooted stems (principal stems plus clones). Analyses of diameter similarity within clusters were conducted on the 82 most common species; a plus sign means that the rooted stems in the same cluster were more similar in diameter than expected by chance, a minus sign means that diameters varied more within clusters than expected by chance, and “0” means that diameter variation was not significantly different from what was expected by chance.
Synonymous species names: Adelphia hiraea = Mascagnia hiraea, Aristolochia cordiflora = Aristolochia gigantea, Aristolochia tonduzii = Aristolochia chapmaniana, Bauhinia guianensis = Bauhinia excisa, Bronwenia wurdackii = Banisteriopsis cornifolia, Clitoria javitensis = Clitoria portobellensis, Coccoloba excelsa = Coccoloba parimensis, Davilla nitida = Davilla multiflora, Desmoncus orthacanthos = Desmoncus isthmius, Dioscorea hondurensis = Dioscorea Haenkeana, Doliocarpus major = Doliocarpus punctatus, Doliocarpus multiflorus = Doliocarpus guianensis, Entada polystachia = Entadopsis polystachya, Forsteronia viridescens = Forsteronia acouci, Gurania makoyana = Gurania seemanniana, Hiraea smilacina = Hiraea quapara, Hippocratea volubilis = Hippocratea versicolor, Justicia graciliflora = Beloperone graciliflora, Machaerium kegelii = Machaerium pachyphyllum, Machaerium seemannii = Machaerium campylocarpum, Mansoa kerere = Pachyptera kerere, Mascagnia ovatifolia = Mascagnia nervosa, Mendoncia litoralis = Mendoncia retusa, Odontadenia macrantha = Odontadenia grandiflora, Paullinia turbacensis = Paullinia wetmorei, Petrea volubilis = Petrea aspera, Pithecoctenium crucigerum = Pithecoctenium echinatum, Prestonia mexicana = Prestonia allenii, Prestonia quiquangularis = Prestonia acutifolia, Rhynchosia erythrinoides = Rhynchosia pyramidalis, Serjania pyramidata = Serjania decapleuria, Smilax febrigua = Smilax panamensis, Smilax domingensis = Smilax lanceolata, Solanum aturense = Solanum siparunoides, Solanum lanceifolium = Solanum lanciifolium, Tetrapterys goudontiana = Tetrapterys macrocarpa, Tilesia baccata = Wulffia baccata.