Figure 1. Development of hydronephrosis in Cldn4 ^−/− mice.

(A) Kaplan-Meier’s survival curves of Cldn4^+/− (N = 18) and Cldn4^−/− (N = 17) mice. (B) Macroscopic and microscopic appearances of kidneys in Cldn4^+/− and Cldn4^−/− mice. Two representative cases of unilateral and bilateral hydronephrosis in Cldn4^−/− mice (8 months old) are shown. Bars; 1 mm. (C) Incidence of hydronephrosis at various ages of Cldn4^−/− mice. Indicated numbers of Cldn4^−/− mice were sacrificed at various ages, and the incidence of macroscopic hydronephrosis was examined. Open columns, unilateral hydronephrosis; closed columns, bilateral hydronephrosis. None of the Cldn4 ^+/− mice developed hydronephrosis.